{"id":242,"date":"2019-10-28T09:46:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-28T09:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pavclients.com\/moalboal\/?post_type=product&#038;p=242"},"modified":"2020-07-06T11:17:06","modified_gmt":"2020-07-06T11:17:06","slug":"humpback-grouper","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humpback-grouper\/","title":{"rendered":"Humpback grouper"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdp-we-main\" data-resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humpback_grouper\">\n<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-aria-live-region\" class=\"mw-aria-live-region\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vector-header-container\">\n\t<header class=\"vector-header mw-header no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-start\">\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Site\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right\"  title=\"Main menu\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Main menu\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Main menu<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu\" class=\"vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"main-menu-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-main-menu\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Main menu<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-navigation\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tNavigation\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-mainpage-description\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" title=\"Visit the main page [z]\" accesskey=\"z\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Main page<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\" title=\"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contents<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-currentevents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events\" title=\"Articles related to current events\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Current events<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-randompage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Random article<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-aboutsite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>About Wikipedia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contactpage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us\" title=\"How to contact Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contact us<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-interaction\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tContribute\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-help\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents\" title=\"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Help<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-introduction\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction\" title=\"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Learn to edit<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-portal\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal\" title=\"The hub for editors\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Community portal<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-recentchanges\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Recent changes<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard\" title=\"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Upload file<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-specialpages\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Special pages<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" class=\"mw-logo wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-icon\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"50\" width=\"50\">\n\t<span class=\"mw-logo-container skin-invert\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-wordmark\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 1.375em;\">\n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-tagline\" alt=\"The Free Encyclopedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg\" width=\"140\" height=\"11\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 0.6875em;\">\n\t<\/span>\n<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-end\">\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-search\" role=\"search\" class=\"vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box\">\n\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Search<\/span>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"vector-typeahead-search-container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width\">\n\t\t\t<form action=\"\/w\/index.php\" id=\"rdp-we-searchform\" class=\"cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-simpleSearch\" class=\"cdx-search-input__input-wrapper\"  data-search-loc=\"header-moved\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"cdx-text-input__input mw-searchInput\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t type=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search Wikipedia\" aria-label=\"Search Wikipedia\" autocapitalize=\"none\" spellcheck=\"false\" title=\"Search Wikipedia [f]\" accesskey=\"f\" id=\"rdp-we-searchInput\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button\">Search<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide\" aria-label=\"Personal tools\">\n\t<div class=\"vector-user-links-main\">\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-preferences\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-userpage\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown\"  title=\"Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Appearance\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Appearance<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/nav>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-notifications\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-overflow\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport-2\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" data-mw-donate-attempt=\"top_link\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount-2\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login-2\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out vector-user-links-dropdown--collapsible\"  title=\"Log in and more options\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Personal tools\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Personal tools<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal\"  title=\"User menu\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" data-mw-donate-attempt=\"top_link\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-heart mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-heart cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login\" class=\"mw-list-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/nav>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-page-container\">\n\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-start\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-container\">\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc\" aria-label=\"Contents\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents<\/h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Systematics\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Systematics\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Systematics<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Systematics-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toggle Systematics subsection<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Systematics-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Genetics\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Genetics\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1.1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Genetics<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Genetics-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Distribution_and_habitat\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Distribution_and_habitat\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Distribution and habitat<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toggle Distribution and habitat subsection<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Non-native_distribution\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Non-native_distribution\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2.1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Non-native distribution<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Non-native_distribution-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Description<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology_and_ecology\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Biology_and_ecology\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Biology and ecology<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Biology_and_ecology-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toggle Biology and ecology subsection<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology_and_ecology-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Life_cycle_and_behaviour\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Life_cycle_and_behaviour\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Life cycle and behaviour<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Life_cycle_and_behaviour-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Diet\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Diet\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Diet<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Diet-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Disease\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Disease\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Disease<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Disease-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Conservation\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Conservation\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Conservation<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Conservation-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Aquaculture\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Aquaculture\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Aquaculture<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Aquaculture-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toggle Aquaculture subsection<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Aquaculture-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Live_fish_markets\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Live_fish_markets\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6.1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Live fish markets<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Live_fish_markets-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Rearing\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Rearing\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6.2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Rearing<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Rearing-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Socioeconomic_effects\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Socioeconomic_effects\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6.3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Socioeconomic effects<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Socioeconomic_effects-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-References\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#References\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>References<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>External links<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"rdp-we-content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\"  title=\"Table of Contents\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\"  aria-label=\"23 languages\" aria-description=\"Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-label\" for=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">23 languages<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ace.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geurap%C3%A8e_tik%C3%B4h\" title=\"Geurap\u00e8e tik\u00f4h \u2013 Acehnese\" lang=\"ace\" hreflang=\"ace\" data-title=\"Geurap\u00e8e tik\u00f4h\" data-language-autonym=\"Ac\u00e8h\" data-language-local-name=\"Acehnese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Ac\u00e8h<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cromileptes_altivelis\" title=\"Cromileptes altivelis \u2013 Bulgarian\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" data-title=\"Cromileptes altivelis\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\" data-language-local-name=\"Bulgarian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panter\" title=\"Panter \u2013 Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" data-title=\"Panter\" data-language-autonym=\"Cebuano\" data-language-local-name=\"Cebuano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Cebuano<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pantherfisch\" title=\"Pantherfisch \u2013 German\" lang=\"de\" hreflang=\"de\" data-title=\"Pantherfisch\" data-language-autonym=\"Deutsch\" data-language-local-name=\"German\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Deutsch<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epinephelus_altivelis\" title=\"Epinephelus altivelis \u2013 Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" data-title=\"Epinephelus altivelis\" data-language-autonym=\"Espa\u00f1ol\" data-language-local-name=\"Spanish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cromileptes_altivelis\" title=\"Cromileptes altivelis \u2013 Basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" data-title=\"Cromileptes altivelis\" data-language-autonym=\"Euskara\" data-language-local-name=\"Basque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Euskara<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%98%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA\" title=\"\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0698\u067e\u0634\u062a \u2013 Persian\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" data-title=\"\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0698\u067e\u0634\u062a\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\" data-language-local-name=\"Persian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cromileptes_altivelis\" title=\"Cromileptes altivelis \u2013 French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" data-title=\"Cromileptes altivelis\" data-language-autonym=\"Fran\u00e7ais\" data-language-local-name=\"French\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kerapu_bebek\" title=\"Kerapu bebek \u2013 Indonesian\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" data-title=\"Kerapu bebek\" data-language-autonym=\"Bahasa Indonesia\" data-language-local-name=\"Indonesian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Bahasa Indonesia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/is.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pardusfiskur\" title=\"Pardusfiskur \u2013 Icelandic\" lang=\"is\" hreflang=\"is\" data-title=\"Pardusfiskur\" data-language-autonym=\"\u00cdslenska\" data-language-local-name=\"Icelandic\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u00cdslenska<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B5%E3%83%8F%E3%82%BF\" title=\"\u30b5\u30e9\u30b5\u30cf\u30bf \u2013 Japanese\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" data-title=\"\u30b5\u30e9\u30b5\u30cf\u30bf\" data-language-autonym=\"\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\" data-language-local-name=\"Japanese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/km.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%80\" title=\"\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u178f\u17bb\u1780\u1780\u17c2\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u2013 Khmer\" lang=\"km\" hreflang=\"km\" data-title=\"\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u178f\u17bb\u1780\u1780\u17c2\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780\" data-language-autonym=\"\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\" data-language-local-name=\"Khmer\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%ED%8C%AC%EB%8D%94%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%A8%ED%8D%BC\" title=\"\ud32c\ub354\uadf8\ub8e8\ud37c \u2013 Korean\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" data-title=\"\ud32c\ub354\uadf8\ub8e8\ud37c\" data-language-autonym=\"\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\" data-language-local-name=\"Korean\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panterbaars\" title=\"Panterbaars \u2013 Dutch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" data-title=\"Panterbaars\" data-language-autonym=\"Nederlands\" data-language-local-name=\"Dutch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Nederlands<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%A1%C3%A1d%C3%ADl%C3%AD_%C5%82ikizh%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD\" title=\"D\u00e1\u00e1d\u00edl\u00ed \u0142ikizh\u00edg\u00ed\u00ed \u2013 Navajo\" lang=\"nv\" hreflang=\"nv\" data-title=\"D\u00e1\u00e1d\u00edl\u00ed \u0142ikizh\u00edg\u00ed\u00ed\" data-language-autonym=\"Din\u00e9 bizaad\" data-language-local-name=\"Navajo\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Din\u00e9 bizaad<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panterka\" title=\"Panterka \u2013 Polish\" lang=\"pl\" hreflang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Panterka\" data-language-autonym=\"Polski\" data-language-local-name=\"Polish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Polski<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garoupa-de-bossa\" title=\"Garoupa-de-bossa \u2013 Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Garoupa-de-bossa\" data-language-autonym=\"Portugu\u00eas\" data-language-local-name=\"Portuguese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Portugu\u00eas<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leopardabborre\" title=\"Leopardabborre \u2013 Swedish\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" data-title=\"Leopardabborre\" data-language-autonym=\"Svenska\" data-language-local-name=\"Swedish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Svenska<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99\" title=\"\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e19 \u2013 Thai\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" data-title=\"\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e19\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\" data-language-local-name=\"Thai\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%A1_m%C3%BA_d%E1%BA%B9t\" title=\"C\u00e1 m\u00fa d\u1eb9t \u2013 Vietnamese\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" data-title=\"C\u00e1 m\u00fa d\u1eb9t\" data-language-autonym=\"Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\" data-language-local-name=\"Vietnamese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cromileptes_altivelis\" title=\"Cromileptes altivelis \u2013 Minnan\" lang=\"nan\" hreflang=\"nan\" data-title=\"Cromileptes altivelis\" data-language-autonym=\"\u95a9\u5357\u8a9e \/ B\u00e2n-l\u00e2m-g\u00ed\" data-language-local-name=\"Minnan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u95a9\u5357\u8a9e \/ B\u00e2n-l\u00e2m-g\u00ed<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%80%81%E9%BC%A0%E6%96%91\" title=\"\u8001\u9f20\u6591 \u2013 Cantonese\" lang=\"yue\" hreflang=\"yue\" data-title=\"\u8001\u9f20\u6591\" data-language-autonym=\"\u7cb5\u8a9e\" data-language-local-name=\"Cantonese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u7cb5\u8a9e<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%A9%BC%E8%83%8C%E9%B2%88\" 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id=\"rdp-we-bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-subjectpageheader\">\n<\/div><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.24.0.0-alpha14\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\"><section data-mw-section-id=\"0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQ\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\" about=\"#mwt1\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Short description\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Short_description\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Species of fish\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Species of fish<\/div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt1\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Articles_with_short_description\"\/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata\"\/><\/span>\n<p about=\"#mwt2\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-empty-elt\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Speciesbox\\n\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Speciesbox\"},\"params\":{\"image\":{\"wt\":\"Panther.grouper.arp.jpg\"},\"image_caption\":{\"wt\":\"At the [[Bristol Zoo]]\"},\"status\":{\"wt\":\"DD\"},\"status_system\":{\"wt\":\"IUCN3.1\"},\"status_ref\":{\"wt\":\"&lt;ref name=\\\"iucn status 17 November 2021\\\">{{cite iucn |author=Sadovy, Y. |author2=Chan, T.T. |author3=Choat, J.H. |author4=Liu, M. |date=2018 |title=&apos;&apos;Cromileptes altivelis&apos;&apos; |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T39774A100458943 |doi=10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T39774A100458943.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}&lt;\/ref>\"},\"taxon\":{\"wt\":\"Chromileptes altivelis\"},\"display_parents\":{\"wt\":\"3\"},\"parent_authority\":{\"wt\":\"[[William Swainson|Swainson]], 1839\"},\"authority\":{\"wt\":\"([[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1828)\"},\"synonyms\":{\"wt\":\"*Genus\\n**&apos;&apos;Cromileptes&apos;&apos; &lt;small>Swainson, 1839&lt;\/small>\\n**&apos;&apos;Serranichthys&apos;&apos; &lt;small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1855&lt;\/small>\\n*Species\\n**&apos;&apos;Serranus altivelis&apos;&apos; &lt;small>Valenciennes, 1828&lt;\/small> \\n**&apos;&apos;Epinephelus altivelis&apos;&apos; &lt;small>(Valenciennes, 1828)&lt;\/small>\"},\"synonyms_ref\":{\"wt\":\"&lt;ref name = CofFF>{{Cof family | family = Epinephelinae | access-date = 20 June 2020}}&lt;\/ref>&lt;ref name = Fishbase>{{Fishbase|Chromileptes|altivelis|month=December|year=2020}}&lt;\/ref>\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><\/p><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Articles_with_'species'_microformats\" about=\"#mwt2\"\/><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" about=\"#mwt2\"><\/span>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwEA\">The <b id=\"rdp-we-mwEQ\">humpback grouper<\/b> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwEg\"><b id=\"rdp-we-mwEw\">Chromileptes altivelis<\/b><\/i>), also known as the <b id=\"rdp-we-mwFA\">panther grouper<\/b>, (in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwFQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Australia<\/a>) <b id=\"rdp-we-mwFg\">barramundi cod,<\/b> (in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" title=\"Philippines\" id=\"rdp-we-mwFw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Philippines<\/a>, in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tagalog_language\" title=\"Tagalog language\" id=\"rdp-we-mwGA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Tagalog<\/a>) <b id=\"rdp-we-mwGQ\">lapu-lapung senorita<\/b>, (in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" title=\"Philippines\" id=\"rdp-we-mwGg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Philippines<\/a>, in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bisayan_languages\" title=\"Bisayan languages\" id=\"rdp-we-mwGw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Bisayan<\/a>) <b id=\"rdp-we-mwHA\">miro-miro<\/b>, (in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France\" title=\"France\" id=\"rdp-we-mwHQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">France<\/a>) <b id=\"rdp-we-mwHg\">m\u00e9rou de Grace Kelly<\/b>, (in Japan) <b id=\"rdp-we-mwHw\">sarasa-hata<\/b>, (in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" title=\"India\" id=\"rdp-we-mwIA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">India<\/a>) <b id=\"rdp-we-mwIQ\">kalava<\/b>, and many other local names,<sup about=\"#mwt21\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:0-4\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwIg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwIw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwJA\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwJQ\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> is a species of marine <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ray-finned_fish\" title=\"Ray-finned fish\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwJg\" target=\"_new\">ray-finned fish<\/a>. Specifically, it is a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grouper\" title=\"Grouper\" id=\"rdp-we-mwJw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">grouper<\/a> from the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subfamily\" title=\"Subfamily\" id=\"rdp-we-mwKA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">subfamily<\/a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epinephelinae\" title=\"Epinephelinae\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwKQ\" target=\"_new\">Epinephelinae<\/a>, which is in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Family_(taxonomy)\" title=\"Family (taxonomy)\" id=\"rdp-we-mwKg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">family<\/a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serranidae\" title=\"Serranidae\" id=\"rdp-we-mwKw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Serranidae<\/a>, which also includes the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthiinae\" title=\"Anthiinae\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwLA\" target=\"_new\">anthias<\/a> and sea basses. It occurs in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Pacific_Ocean\" title=\"Western Pacific Ocean\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwLQ\" target=\"_new\">Western Pacific Ocean<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp\/toc\" id=\"rdp-we-mwLg\" data-mw='{\"autoGenerated\":true}'\/><\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwLw\" aria-labelledby=\"Systematics\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Systematics\">Systematics<\/h2><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwMA\">The humpback grouper was first formally <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Species_description\" title=\"Species description\" id=\"rdp-we-mwMQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">described<\/a> as <i id=\"rdp-we-mwMg\">Serranus altivelis<\/i> in 1828 by the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_people\" title=\"French people\" id=\"rdp-we-mwMw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">French<\/a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoologist\" title=\"Zoologist\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwNA\" target=\"_new\">zoologist<\/a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Achille_Valenciennes\" title=\"Achille Valenciennes\" id=\"rdp-we-mwNQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Achille Valenciennes<\/a> (1794\u20131865) with the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Type_locality_(biology)\" title=\"Type locality (biology)\" id=\"rdp-we-mwNg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">type locality<\/a> given as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Java\" title=\"Java\" id=\"rdp-we-mwNw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Java<\/a>.<sup about=\"#mwt24\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-CofFS_5-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"CofFS\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-CofFS-5\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-CofFS-5\" id=\"rdp-we-mwOA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwOQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwOg\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwOw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> In 1839, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_people\" title=\"English people\" id=\"rdp-we-mwPA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">English<\/a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naturalist\" title=\"Naturalist\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwPQ\" target=\"_new\">naturalist<\/a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Swainson\" title=\"William Swainson\" id=\"rdp-we-mwPg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">William Swainson<\/a> (1789\u20131855) placed it in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subgenus\" title=\"Subgenus\" id=\"rdp-we-mwPw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">subgenus<\/a> <i id=\"rdp-we-mwQA\">Chromileptes<\/i>, which was later created as a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monotypy\" title=\"Monotypy\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwQQ\" target=\"_new\">monotypic<\/a> genus.<sup about=\"#mwt25\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-CofFF_2-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"CofFF\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-CofFF-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwQg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwQw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwRA\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwRQ\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Swainson spelt the genus as <i id=\"rdp-we-mwRg\">Chromileptes<\/i><sup about=\"#mwt28\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-Swainson_6-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Swainson\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Swainson-6\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Swainson-6\" id=\"rdp-we-mwRw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwSA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwSQ\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwSg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup about=\"#mwt29\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-Fishbase_3-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Fishbase\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Fishbase-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwSw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwTA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwTQ\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwTg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Recent molecular analyses based on five genes show that <i id=\"rdp-we-mwTw\">Chromileptes altivelis<\/i> is included in the same <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clade\" title=\"Clade\" id=\"rdp-we-mwUA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">clade<\/a> as species of <i id=\"rdp-we-mwUQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epinephelus\" title=\"Epinephelus\" id=\"rdp-we-mwUg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Epinephelus<\/a><\/i>. Consequently, the species should be included in <i id=\"rdp-we-mwUw\">Epinephelus<\/i> as <i id=\"rdp-we-mwVA\"><b id=\"rdp-we-mwVQ\">Epinephelus altivelis<\/b><\/i>.<sup about=\"#mwt33\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-Schoelinck2014_7-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Schoelinck2014\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Schoelinck2014-7\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Schoelinck2014-7\" id=\"rdp-we-mwVg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwVw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwWA\">[<\/span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwWQ\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwWg\" aria-labelledby=\"Genetics\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Genetics\">Genetics<\/h3><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwWw\">Genetic research has revealed the species to have missing genes relating to immunity and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MAPK\/ERK_pathway\" title=\"MAPK\/ERK pathway\" id=\"rdp-we-mwXA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">MAPK signal pathway<\/a>, which may affect the species' disease resistance and growth traits.<sup about=\"#mwt36\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:1_8-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":1\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:1-8\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-8\" id=\"rdp-we-mwXQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwXg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwXw\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwYA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwYQ\">A hybrid grouper has been formed between this species and a closely related grouper, the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giant_grouper\" title=\"Giant grouper\" id=\"rdp-we-mwYg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">giant grouper<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwYw\">E. lanceolatus<\/i>). The hybrid had 1.6x faster growth rate than the humpback grouper, 4.7% increased meat yield, yet was more morphologically similar to <i id=\"rdp-we-mwZA\">E. lanceolatus<\/i>.<sup about=\"#mwt39\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-sg_9-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"sg\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-sg-9\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-sg-9\" id=\"rdp-we-mwZQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwZg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwZw\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwaA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwaQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Distribution_and_habitat\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Distribution_and_habitat\">Distribution and habitat<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mwag\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cromileptes_altivelis_distribution.png\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwaw\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cromileptes_altivelis_distribution.png\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Cromileptes_altivelis_distribution.png\/250px-Cromileptes_altivelis_distribution.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"261\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwbA\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mwbQ\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwbg\">Cromileptes altivelis<\/i> native distribution <sup about=\"#mwt40\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:2_10-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":2\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\" id=\"rdp-we-mwbw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwcA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwcQ\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwcg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwcw\">It is widely distributed throughout the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tropical\" title=\"Tropical\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwdA\" target=\"_new\">tropical<\/a> waters of the central <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-West_Pacific\" title=\"Indo-West Pacific\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwdQ\" target=\"_new\">Indo-West Pacific<\/a> region.<sup about=\"#mwt43\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-eol_11-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"eol\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-eol-11\" id=\"rdp-we-mwdg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwdw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mweA\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mweQ\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> The humpback grouper lives in clear waters from lagoons and seaward reefs with a preference for dead or silty areas. They are found in a range of depth from <span about=\"#mwt41\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mweg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"2\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"to\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"40\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"m\"},\"5\":{\"wt\":\"ft\"},\"6\":{\"wt\":\"-1\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>2 to 40<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt41\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt41\">m (10 to 130<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt41\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt41\">ft)<\/span>,<sup about=\"#mwt44\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-Fishbase_3-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Fishbase\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Fishbase-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwew\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwfA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwfQ\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwfg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> but usually found at depths less than <span about=\"#mwt42\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwfw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"10\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"m\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"ft\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"-1\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>10<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt42\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt42\">m (30<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt42\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt42\">ft)<\/span>.<sup about=\"#mwt47\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:3_12-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":3\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:3-12\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwgA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwgQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwgg\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwgw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwhA\">The humpback fish has a preferendum temperature of 24.5 C, similar to other cool, temperate, freshwater fishes.<sup about=\"#mwt50\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-13\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-13\" id=\"rdp-we-mwhQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwhg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwhw\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwiA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwiQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Non-native_distribution\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Non-native_distribution\">Non-native distribution<\/h3><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwig\">In Florida, the grouper was first recorded to be observed in 1984, with the last recorded observation in 2012. Throughout Florida, it has been spotted in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tampa_Bay\" title=\"Tampa Bay\" id=\"rdp-we-mwiw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Tampa Bay<\/a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pompano_Beach,_Florida\" title=\"Pompano Beach, Florida\" id=\"rdp-we-mwjA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pompano Beach<\/a>, and West Beach.<sup about=\"#mwt53\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwjQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwjg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwjw\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwkA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> In 2012, a single individual was <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spearfishing\" title=\"Spearfishing\" id=\"rdp-we-mwkQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">speared<\/a> near <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Key_Largo\" title=\"Key Largo\" id=\"rdp-we-mwkg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Key Largo<\/a>, raising fears that it could become <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasive_species\" title=\"Invasive species\" id=\"rdp-we-mwkw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">invasive<\/a>, similar to the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lionfish\" title=\"Lionfish\" id=\"rdp-we-mwlA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">lionfish<\/a>.<sup about=\"#mwt56\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-14\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-14\" id=\"rdp-we-mwlQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwlg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwlw\">[<\/span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwmA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> It was a large specimen, with a size of <span about=\"#mwt51\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwmQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"78\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"cm\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>78<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt51\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt51\">cm (31<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt51\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt51\">in)<\/span>, and weight of <span about=\"#mwt52\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwmg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cvt\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cvt\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"15\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"lb\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"kg\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>15<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt52\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt52\">lb (6.8<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt52\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt52\">kg)<\/span>.<sup about=\"#mwt57\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:3_12-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":3\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwmw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwnA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwnQ\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwng\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Although there are fears of the humpback grouper becoming <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasive_species\" title=\"Invasive species\" id=\"rdp-we-mwnw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">invasive<\/a> in North America, there remains no current breeding populations within the western Atlantic as of 2013. Despite this, researchers have pointed out Florida towns <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jupiter,_Florida\" title=\"Jupiter, Florida\" id=\"rdp-we-mwoA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Jupiter<\/a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vero_Beach,_Florida\" title=\"Vero Beach, Florida\" id=\"rdp-we-mwoQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Vero Beach<\/a> as likely spots for this species to establish.<sup about=\"#mwt58\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwog\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwow\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwpA\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwpQ\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwpg\">The humpback grouper has a short history of being introduced in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaii\" title=\"Hawaii\" id=\"rdp-we-mwpw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hawaii<\/a>, being first observed in 1991. It has since been <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Local_extinction\" title=\"Local extinction\" id=\"rdp-we-mwqA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">extirpated<\/a>, with the last observation in 2005.<sup about=\"#mwt59\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:3_12-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":3\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwqQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwqg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwqw\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwrA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mwrQ\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Humpback_Grouper,_Indonesia_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_430291422.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwrg\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Humpback_Grouper,_Indonesia_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_430291422.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b8\/Humpback_Grouper%2C_Indonesia_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_430291422.jpg\/250px-Humpback_Grouper%2C_Indonesia_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_430291422.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"168\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwrw\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mwsA\">In Indonesia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwsQ\">There has been one recording of the humpback grouper spotted in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenya\" title=\"Kenya\" id=\"rdp-we-mwsg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Kenya<\/a>.<sup about=\"#mwt60\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:2_10-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":2\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\" id=\"rdp-we-mwsw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwtA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwtQ\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwtg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"5\" id=\"rdp-we-mwtw\" aria-labelledby=\"Description\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Description\">Description<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mwuA\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Serranidae_Cromileptes_altivelis_3.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwuQ\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Serranidae_Cromileptes_altivelis_3.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/Serranidae_Cromileptes_altivelis_3.jpg\/250px-Serranidae_Cromileptes_altivelis_3.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"187\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwug\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mwuw\">Juvenile<\/figcaption><\/figure><p id=\"rdp-we-mwvA\">\nThe humpback grouper is a medium-sized <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fish\" title=\"Fish\" id=\"rdp-we-mwvQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">fish<\/a> which grows up to <span about=\"#mwt61\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwvg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"convert\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Convert\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"70\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"cm\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"in\"},\"abbr\":{\"wt\":\"on\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>70<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt61\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt61\">cm (28<\/span><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" about=\"#mwt61\">\u00a0<\/span><span about=\"#mwt61\">in)<\/span>.<sup about=\"#mwt64\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-eol_11-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"eol\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-eol-11\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-eol-11\" id=\"rdp-we-mwvw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwwA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwwQ\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwwg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Its particular body shape makes this grouper difficult to confuse with other <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fish\" title=\"Fish\" id=\"rdp-we-mwww\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">fishes<\/a>. Its body is compressed laterally, is relatively high, and has a unique head profile compared to other groupers. The head is depressed anteriorly and elevated posteriorly, with a sharp rise at the nape.<sup about=\"#mwt65\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwxA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwxQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwxg\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwxw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> This stocky and strange visual effect gives it the unique humpbacked appearance.<\/p><figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mwyA\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cromileptes_altivelis.png\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwyQ\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cromileptes_altivelis.png\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Cromileptes_altivelis.png\/250px-Cromileptes_altivelis.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"126\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwyg\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mwyw\">Drawing of a mature <i id=\"rdp-we-mwzA\">Cromileptes altivelis<\/i> <sup about=\"#mwt71\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:2_10-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":2\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:2-10\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\" id=\"rdp-we-mwzQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwzg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwzw\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw0A\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure><p id=\"rdp-we-mw0Q\">In addition, there has been genetic evidence of increased activity in this fish's frontal <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osteoblast\" title=\"Osteoblast\" id=\"rdp-we-mw0g\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">osteoblasts<\/a>. This may be the genetic basis for the change of <i id=\"rdp-we-mw0w\">C. altivelis'<\/i>\u00a0frontal bone to the sunken, 'humpback,' head.<sup about=\"#mwt68\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-15\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-15\" id=\"rdp-we-mw1A\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw1Q\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw1g\">[<\/span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw1w\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mw2A\">Relating to its coloration, the young are white with round black spots. The adults have a body colouration with variances of grey and beige, with darker blotches variable in size on the body. Small black spots cover the whole body. In comparison, juveniles have fewer of these black spots than adults, but the spots can be larger, or as large, as their eyes.<sup about=\"#mwt72\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mw2Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw2g\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw2w\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw3A\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Furthermore, their coloration has been observed to change with a drop in pH.<sup about=\"#mwt73\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:2_10-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":2\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\" id=\"rdp-we-mw3Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw3g\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw3w\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw4A\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mw4Q\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chromileptes_altivelis_01.JPG\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mw4g\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chromileptes_altivelis_01.JPG\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bf\/Chromileptes_altivelis_01.JPG\/250px-Chromileptes_altivelis_01.JPG\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"167\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mw4w\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mw5A\">At <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siam_Center\" title=\"Siam Center\" id=\"rdp-we-mw5Q\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Siam Center<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mw5g\">In terms of its fins, the grouper has rounded pectoral and caudal fins, aiding in stability. Their pectoral fins range between 17 and 18 rays, with the middle rays being the longest. They also have a long dorsal fin that originates from their <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operculum_(fish)\" title=\"Operculum (fish)\" id=\"rdp-we-mw5w\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">opercle<\/a>, and runs all the way to its caudal fin. The dorsal fin consists of around 10 spines and 17\u201319 rays, which greatly aids in stability against turning. The anal fin, which is about half in length of the dorsal fin, consists of around 3 spines, and 9\u201310 rays. Their brush-like <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_ichthyology\" title=\"Glossary of ichthyology\" id=\"rdp-we-mw6A\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">villiform teeth<\/a> are adequate for eating smaller fish, and have smooth body scales.<sup about=\"#mwt74\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:2_10-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":2\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\" id=\"rdp-we-mw6Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw6g\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw6w\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw7A\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"6\" id=\"rdp-we-mw7Q\" aria-labelledby=\"Biology_and_ecology\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Biology_and_ecology\">Biology and ecology<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"7\" id=\"rdp-we-mw7g\" aria-labelledby=\"Life_cycle_and_behaviour\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Life_cycle_and_behaviour\">Life cycle and behaviour<\/h3><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mw7w\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Oniria_-_Cromileptes_altivelis_03.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mw8A\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Oniria_-_Cromileptes_altivelis_03.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5f\/Oniria_-_Cromileptes_altivelis_03.jpg\/250px-Oniria_-_Cromileptes_altivelis_03.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"167\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mw8Q\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mw8g\">In captivity<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mw8w\">This species is a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sequential_hermaphroditism\" title=\"Sequential hermaphroditism\" id=\"rdp-we-mw9A\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">protogynous hermaphrodite<\/a>; in other words, all individuals are born female, with the ability to transform to males as they grow older. Female humpback groupers start transitioning to males as early as 3 years. By the age of 9, most humpback groupers are male.<sup about=\"#mwt75\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:3_12-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":3\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-12\" id=\"rdp-we-mw9Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw9g\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw9w\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-A\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Typically, only the most dominant, mature females undergo this transformation in the absence of a dominant male.<\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mw-Q\">Although primarily solitary, they are also known to swim in pairs, or sometimes in groups of 3\u20136. The purpose of these groups is unknown.<sup about=\"#mwt76\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-reefapp_16-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"reefapp\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-reefapp-16\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw_A\">[<\/span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw_Q\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mw_g\">Compared to other closely related groupers, the humpback grouper has a slow growth rate, with female humpback groupers maturing around 1.5 years.<sup about=\"#mwt77\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:1_8-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":1\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-8\" id=\"rdp-we-mw_w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQE\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQI\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAQM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cryopreservation\" title=\"Cryopreservation\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Cryopreservation<\/a> has been tested with these humpback grouper embryos, with the survival rate of 7.55% and maximum time of viability being 5 days.<sup about=\"#mwt78\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-sg_9-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"sg\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-sg-9\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQc\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAQk\">The humpback grouper's peak spawning time is between October and January,<sup about=\"#mwt81\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:5_17-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":5\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:5-17\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-17\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQo\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQs\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQw\">[<\/span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQ0\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> with a single spawn event lasting from 4 to 8 days.<sup about=\"#mwt82\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-5\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQ4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQ8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARA\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARE\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"8\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARI\" aria-labelledby=\"Diet\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Diet\">Diet<\/h3><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwARM\">The diet of this grouper is based on small <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fish\" title=\"Fish\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">fishes<\/a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crustacean\" title=\"Crustacean\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARU\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">crustaceans<\/a>,<sup about=\"#mwt83\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-Fishbase_3-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Fishbase\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Fishbase-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARg\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARk\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> such as <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Krill\" title=\"Krill\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">krill<\/a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shrimp\" title=\"Shrimp\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARs\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">shrimp<\/a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Squid\" title=\"Squid\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">squids<\/a>, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clam\" title=\"Clam\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAR0\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">clams<\/a>. In human care, they are commonly fed fresh or dried fish.<sup about=\"#mwt86\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-reefapp_16-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"reefapp\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-reefapp-16\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-reefapp-16\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAR4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAR8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASA\">[<\/span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASE\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Like the other members of its <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Family_(taxonomy)\" title=\"Family (taxonomy)\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASI\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">family<\/a>, the humpback grouper is <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demersal\" title=\"Demersal\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASM\" target=\"_new\">demersal<\/a>, solitary (except during mating periods), defends a territory, and is an <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambush_predator\" title=\"Ambush predator\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ambush predator<\/a>. Its feeding activity is maximal at sunrise and\/or at sunset.<\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwASU\">Because of their carnivorous diet, <i id=\"rdp-we-mwASY\">C. altivepis<\/i> has been commonly blamed for <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ciguatera_fish_poisoning\" title=\"Ciguatera fish poisoning\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASc\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Ciguatera poisoning<\/a> throughout their native and non-nonnative distribution.<sup about=\"#mwt87\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:3_12-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":3\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASo\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASs\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"9\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASw\" aria-labelledby=\"Disease\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Disease\">Disease<\/h3><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAS0\">With live fish markets potentially acting as a transmitter of disease, this species has been commonly blamed for <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ciguatera_fish_poisoning\" title=\"Ciguatera fish poisoning\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAS4\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ciguatera fish poisoning<\/a> cases. Ciguatera fish poisoning comes from consuming a fish with <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ciguatoxin\" title=\"Ciguatoxin\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAS8\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ciguatoxins<\/a>, and the humpback grouper, amongst many other predatory fish, can easily accumulate ciguatoxins. Because of this, ciguatera 'hotspots' surrounding these markets have been a concern for human health.<sup about=\"#mwt90\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:4_18-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":4\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:4-18\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-18\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATI\">[<\/span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATM\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwATQ\">The humpback grouper is also known to be able to carry many pathogens, including <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hirudinea\" title=\"Hirudinea\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATU\" target=\"_new\">Hirudinea<\/a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasteurella\" title=\"Pasteurella\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATY\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pasteurella<\/a>, grouper iridoviruses, and more. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iridovirus\" title=\"Iridovirus\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATc\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Iridovirus<\/a> is a leading cause of mortality in groupers kept in captivity, which causes lethargic swimming, darker body coloration, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anemia\" title=\"Anemia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">anemia<\/a>, and more.<sup about=\"#mwt91\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-6\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATs\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"10\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAT0\" aria-labelledby=\"Conservation\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Conservation\">Conservation<\/h2><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAT4\">The humpback grouper has been given the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Data_Deficient\" title=\"Data Deficient\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAT8\" target=\"_new\">Data Deficient<\/a> status by the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature\" title=\"International Union for Conservation of Nature\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN<\/a>. It is a highly valued food fish, especially in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southeast_Asia\" title=\"Southeast Asia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUE\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Southeast Asia<\/a> where it is also overexploited. It is bred in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquaculture\" title=\"Aquaculture\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUI\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">aquaculture<\/a>, but there is no evidence that captive breeding has reduced the fishing pressure on wild populations. Despite this, it is suspected that the population has declined historically.<\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAUM\">Australia has put strong conservation measures in place for this species (no take species on the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Barrier_Reef\" title=\"Great Barrier Reef\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Great Barrier Reef<\/a> and strict possession limits elsewhere, e.g. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Australia\" title=\"Western Australia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUU\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Western Australia<\/a>). Size limits apply in commercial fisheries such as the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torres_Strait\" title=\"Torres Strait\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUY\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Torres Strait<\/a> reef line fishery.<sup about=\"#mwt94\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-19\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-19\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-19\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUk\">[<\/span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUo\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> However, it is lacking protection elsewhere.<sup about=\"#mwt95\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"iucn status 17 November 2021\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUs\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAU0\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAU4\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAU8\">Other potentially effective management techniques to preserve the humpback grouper would be implementing size limits, no-take areas, and increasing effort control.<sup about=\"#mwt96\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:5_17-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":5\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-17\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVI\">[<\/span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVM\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"11\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Aquaculture\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Aquaculture\">Aquaculture<\/h2><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAVU\">Although the mariculture of this species has been regarded to be in a primitive stage, the humpback grouper remains to be a popular fish in US aquariums, live fish markets throughout Asia,<sup about=\"#mwt97\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-7\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVg\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVk\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> and aquaculture production mainly in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan\" title=\"Taiwan\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taiwan<\/a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" title=\"Indonesia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVs\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indonesia<\/a>.<sup about=\"#mwt100\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-cir.nii.ac.jp_20-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"cir.nii.ac.jp\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-cir.nii.ac.jp-20\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-cir.nii.ac.jp-20\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAV0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAV4\">[<\/span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAV8\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWA\" aria-labelledby=\"Live_fish_markets\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Live_fish_markets\">Live fish markets<\/h3><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWE\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:C._altivelis_imports_into_Hong_Kong_(1999-2016).png\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWI\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:C._altivelis_imports_into_Hong_Kong_(1999-2016).png\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5f\/C._altivelis_imports_into_Hong_Kong_%281999-2016%29.png\/250px-C._altivelis_imports_into_Hong_Kong_%281999-2016%29.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"184\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWM\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mwAWQ\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAWU\">C. altivelis<\/i> imports into Hong Kong (1999\u20132016)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAWY\">The humpback grouper is a popular fish amongst live fish markets, mainly throughout Asia, but more so in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong\" title=\"Hong Kong\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWc\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hong Kong<\/a>.<sup about=\"#mwt103\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:6_21-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":6\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:6-21\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-21\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWo\">[<\/span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWs\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Within the Hong Kong live fish markets, groupers made the majority of the sales in the 1990s.<sup about=\"#mwt104\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:4_18-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":4\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-18\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAW0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAW4\">[<\/span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAW8\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAXA\">Hatchery-produced groupers are susceptible to having poorly functioning <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swim_bladder\" title=\"Swim bladder\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXE\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">swim bladders<\/a>, causing juveniles to circle on the surface until death, with the\u00a0mortality rate ranging from 20 to 30% from this condition.<sup about=\"#mwt105\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-cir.nii.ac.jp_20-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"cir.nii.ac.jp\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-cir.nii.ac.jp-20\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXI\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXM\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXQ\">[<\/span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXU\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"13\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXY\" aria-labelledby=\"Rearing\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Rearing\">Rearing<\/h3><\/div><p id=\"rdp-we-mwAXc\">\nWhen collecting eggs from this species for aquaculture, buoyant eggs are selected, and are usually 0.80\u20130.83<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXg\">\u00a0<\/span>mm in diameter. From the wild, juveniles are often chosen.<sup about=\"#mwt106\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:6_21-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":6\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-21\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXs\">[<\/span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0For growth and raising, they are usually grown in coastal net cages in Southeast Asia.<sup about=\"#mwt107\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-8\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAX0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAX4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAX8\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> However, it has been found that floating net cages are poor for growth and health of the fish, yet optimal for production.<sup about=\"#mwt110\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:7_22-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":7\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-:7-22\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYM\">[<\/span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYQ\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p><figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYU\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:HK_\u6e2f\u5cf6\u6771\u5340_Eastern_District_\u70ae\u53f0\u5c71_Fortress_Hill_\u82f1\u7687\u9053_255_King's_Road_\u570b\u90fd\u5ee3\u5834_Olympia_Plaza_\u5f69\u798f\u6d77\u9bae\u9152\u6a13_Choi_Fook_Banquet_Seafood_Restaurant_January_2021_SS2_15.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYY\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:HK_\u6e2f\u5cf6\u6771\u5340_Eastern_District_\u70ae\u53f0\u5c71_Fortress_Hill_\u82f1\u7687\u9053_255_King's_Road_\u570b\u90fd\u5ee3\u5834_Olympia_Plaza_\u5f69\u798f\u6d77\u9bae\u9152\u6a13_Choi_Fook_Banquet_Seafood_Restaurant_January_2021_SS2_15.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/22\/HK_%E6%B8%AF%E5%B3%B6%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%80_Eastern_District_%E7%82%AE%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1_Fortress_Hill_%E8%8B%B1%E7%9A%87%E9%81%93_255_King%27s_Road_%E5%9C%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BB%A3%E5%A0%B4_Olympia_Plaza_%E5%BD%A9%E7%A6%8F%E6%B5%B7%E9%AE%AE%E9%85%92%E6%A8%93_Choi_Fook_Banquet_Seafood_Restaurant_January_2021_SS2_15.jpg\/250px-thumbnail.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"188\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYc\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mwAYg\">Humpback groupers in aquaria<\/figcaption><\/figure><p id=\"rdp-we-mwAYk\">Newly hatched humpback groupers are sensitive, and, because of this, handling during this period is taken with care. Larvae are stocked into dark culture tanks before hatching to reduce 'shock syndrome', which is a cause of mortality due to dramatic physical changes like water disturbances, or bright light. The culture tanks are also usually stocked with <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microalgae\" title=\"Microalgae\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">microalgae<\/a> (such as <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAYs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nannochloropsis\" title=\"Nannochloropsis\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Nannochoropsis<\/a> oculata<\/i> or <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAY0\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tetraselmis\" title=\"Tetraselmis\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAY4\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Tetraselmis<\/a> sp.<\/i>) which functions as shade, but also provides food and nutrition.<sup about=\"#mwt111\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-9\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAY8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZE\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZI\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Cannibalism is also a major cause of mortality during later stages, which could be reduced by handling fish into similarly sized tanks, but handling could induce shock syndrome.<sup about=\"#mwt112\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:7_22-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":7\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZU\">[<\/span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZY\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAZc\">In terms of feeding, there remains low interest to develop specialized food diets for the small humpback grouper market. Because of this, humpback groupers are often fed 'trash fish,' which are low-value, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bycatch\" title=\"Bycatch\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bycatch<\/a> fish species.<sup about=\"#mwt113\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:7_22-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":7\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZs\">[<\/span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> However, feeding juveniles with <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copepod\" title=\"Copepod\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZ0\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">copepod<\/a> nauplii has shown some promise to increase growth rates.<sup about=\"#mwt114\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-10\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZ4\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZ8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaA\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaE\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"14\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaI\" aria-labelledby=\"Socioeconomic_effects\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Socioeconomic_effects\">Socioeconomic effects<\/h3><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAaM\">Grouper aquaculture has remained popular throughout Southeast Asia because of the accessibility of materials. In <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bali\" title=\"Bali\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Bali<\/a>, 'backyard' hatcheries contributed to economic development, with an increased profit compared to more traditional local agricultural paths such as coconut plantations.<sup about=\"#mwt117\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-23\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-23\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-23\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAac\">[<\/span>23<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAag\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> In the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" title=\"Philippines\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAak\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Philippines<\/a>, grouper aquaculture is profitable due to less capital investment compared to the common milkfish aquaculture.<sup about=\"#mwt118\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-11\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAao\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAas\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaw\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAa0\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAa4\">Despite this, production is likely to remain low. Because of the slow growing humpback groupers, farmers are likely to mainly focus on faster growth fish.<sup about=\"#mwt119\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-:0_4-12\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\":0\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAa8\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbE\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbI\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"15\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbM\" aria-labelledby=\"References\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-References\">References<\/h2><\/div>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt120\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbQ\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Reflist\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Reflist\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><\/span><div about=\"#mwt120\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbU\">\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/references\" about=\"#mwt122\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"references\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"responsive\":\"1\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'><ol class=\"mw-references references\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbc\"><li about=\"#cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1\" id=\"cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"1\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbo\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_status_17_November_2021_1-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbw\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-iucn_status_17_November_2021-1\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSadovy,_Y.Chan,_T.T.Choat,_J.H.Liu,_M.2018\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Sadovy, Y.; Chan, T.T.; Choat, J.H.; Liu, M. (2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/39774\/100458943\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAb4\" target=\"_new\">\"<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAb8\">Cromileptes altivelis<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAcA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcE\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/a><\/i>. <b id=\"rdp-we-mwAcI\">2018<\/b> e.T39774A100458943. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcM\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcQ\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T39774A100458943.en\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcU\" target=\"_new\">10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T39774A100458943.en<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcc\">17 November<\/span> 2021<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&amp;rft.atitle=Cromileptes+altivelis&amp;rft.volume=2018&amp;rft.artnum=e.T39774A100458943&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T39774A100458943.en&amp;rft.au=Sadovy%2C+Y.&amp;rft.au=Chan%2C+T.T.&amp;rft.au=Choat%2C+J.H.&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F39774%2F100458943&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcg\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-CofFF-2\" id=\"cite_note-CofFF-2\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"2\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAck\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CofFF_2-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAco\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcs\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-CofFF_2-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAc0\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-CofFF-2\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt9\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAc4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFrickeEschmeyervan_der_Laan\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Fricke, Ron; <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_N._Eschmeyer\" title=\"William N. Eschmeyer\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAc8\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Eschmeyer, William N.<\/a> &amp; van der Laan, Richard (eds.). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"http:\/\/researcharchive.calacademy.org\/research\/ichthyology\/catalog\/fishcatget.asp?tbl=genus&family=Epinephelinae\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdA\" target=\"_new\">\"Genera in the family Epinephelinae\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAdE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalog_of_Fishes\" title=\"Catalog of Fishes\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdI\" target=\"_new\">Catalog of Fishes<\/a><\/i>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Academy_of_Sciences\" title=\"California Academy of Sciences\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdM\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">California Academy of Sciences<\/a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdU\">20 June<\/span> 2020<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Catalog+of+Fishes&amp;rft.atitle=Genera+in+the+family+Epinephelinae&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearcharchive.calacademy.org%2Fresearch%2Fichthyology%2Fcatalog%2Ffishcatget.asp%3Ftbl%3Dgenus%26family%3DEpinephelinae&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdY\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Fishbase-3\" id=\"cite_note-Fishbase-3\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"3\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdc\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Fishbase_3-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdk\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Fishbase_3-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAds\">2<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Fishbase_3-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAd0\">3<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-Fishbase_3-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAd4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAd8\">4<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-Fishbase-3\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt14\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeA\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFroesePauly\" class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rainer_Froese\" title=\"Rainer Froese\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeE\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Froese, Rainer<\/a>; <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Pauly\" title=\"Daniel Pauly\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeI\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pauly, Daniel<\/a> (eds.). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.org\/summary\/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Chromileptes&speciesname=altivelis\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeM\" target=\"_new\">\"<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAeQ\">Chromileptes altivelis<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAeU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeY\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a><\/i>. December 2020 version.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FishBase&amp;rft.atitle=Chromileptes+altivelis&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DChromileptes%26speciesname%3Daltivelis&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAec\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-:0-4\" id=\"cite_note-:0-4\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"4\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAek\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeo\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAes\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAew\">2<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAe0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAe4\">3<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAe8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfA\">4<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfI\">5<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-5\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfQ\">6<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-6\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfY\">7<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-7\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfg\">8<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-8\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfo\">9<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-9\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfw\">10<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-10\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAf0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAf4\">11<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-11\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAf8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgA\">12<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgI\">13<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-:0-4\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt19\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite report \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_report\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Cromileptes altivelis (humpback grouper)\"},\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Liu\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Min\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Rimmer\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"Mike\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2022-01-07\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.1079\/cabicompendium.87544\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"doi-access\":{\"wt\":\"free\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFLiuRimmer2022\" class=\"citation report cs1\" about=\"#mwt19\">Liu, Min; Rimmer, Mike (2022-01-07). Cromileptes altivelis (humpback grouper) (Report). <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgQ\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgU\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079%2Fcabicompendium.87544\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgY\" target=\"_new\">10.1079\/cabicompendium.87544<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Cromileptes+altivelis+%28humpback+grouper%29&amp;rft.date=2022-01-07&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1079%2Fcabicompendium.87544&amp;rft.aulast=Liu&amp;rft.aufirst=Min&amp;rft.au=Rimmer%2C+Mike&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt19\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgc\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-CofFS-5\" id=\"cite_note-CofFS-5\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CofFS_5-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgo\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-CofFS-5\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt22\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgs\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cof record \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cof_record\"},\"params\":{\"spid\":{\"wt\":\"20042\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"&apos;&apos;Serranus altivelis&apos;&apos;\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2020\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-mwAgw\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt22\" data-x-id=\"CITEREFFrickeEschmeyervan_der_Laan\">Fricke, Ron; <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_N._Eschmeyer\" title=\"William N. Eschmeyer\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAg0\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Eschmeyer, William N.<\/a> &amp; van der Laan, Richard (eds.). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"http:\/\/researcharchive.calacademy.org\/research\/ichthyology\/catalog\/fishcatget.asp?spid=20042\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAg4\" target=\"_new\">\"<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAg8\">Serranus altivelis<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAhA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalog_of_Fishes\" title=\"Catalog of Fishes\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhE\" target=\"_new\">Catalog of Fishes<\/a><\/i>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Academy_of_Sciences\" title=\"California Academy of Sciences\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhI\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">California Academy of Sciences<\/a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhM\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhQ\">20 June<\/span> 2020<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Catalog+of+Fishes&amp;rft.atitle=Serranus+altivelis&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearcharchive.calacademy.org%2Fresearch%2Fichthyology%2Fcatalog%2Ffishcatget.asp%3Fspid%3D20042&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt22\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhU\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Swainson-6\" id=\"cite_note-Swainson-6\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Swainson_6-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhg\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-Swainson-6\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt26\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Swainson W.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1839\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"On the natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, &amp; reptiles, or monocardian animals\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Spottiswoode &amp; Co., London\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"2\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/page\/40723234#page\/456\/mode\/1up\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSwainson_W.1839\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt26\">Swainson W. (1839). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/page\/40723234#page\/456\/mode\/1up\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAho\" target=\"_new\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAhs\">On the natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, &amp; reptiles, or monocardian animals<\/i><\/a>. Vol.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhw\">\u00a0<\/span>2. Spottiswoode &amp; Co., London.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=On+the+natural+history+and+classification+of+fishes%2C+amphibians%2C+%26+reptiles%2C+or+monocardian+animals&amp;rft.pub=Spottiswoode+%26+Co.%2C+London&amp;rft.date=1839&amp;rft.au=Swainson+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F40723234%23page%2F456%2Fmode%2F1up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt26\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAh0\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Schoelinck2014-7\" id=\"cite_note-Schoelinck2014-7\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAh4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Schoelinck2014_7-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAh8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiA\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-Schoelinck2014-7\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt30\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite journal\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Schoelinck\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Charlotte\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Hinsinger\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"Damien D.\"},\"last3\":{\"wt\":\"Detta\u00ef\"},\"first3\":{\"wt\":\"Agn\u00e8s\"},\"last4\":{\"wt\":\"Cruaud\"},\"first4\":{\"wt\":\"Corinne\"},\"last5\":{\"wt\":\"Justine\"},\"first5\":{\"wt\":\"Jean-Lou\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"A phylogenetic re-analysis of groupers with applications for ciguatera fish poisoning\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"PLOS ONE\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"9\"},\"issue\":{\"wt\":\"8\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2014\"},\"article-number\":{\"wt\":\"e98198\"},\"issn\":{\"wt\":\"1932-6203\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098198\"},\"pmid\":{\"wt\":\"25093850\"},\"pmc\":{\"wt\":\"4122351\"},\"bibcode\":{\"wt\":\"2014PLoSO...998198S\"},\"doi-access\":{\"wt\":\"free\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSchoelinckHinsingerDetta\u00efCruaud2014\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt30\">Schoelinck, Charlotte; Hinsinger, Damien D.; Detta\u00ef, Agn\u00e8s; Cruaud, Corinne; Justine, Jean-Lou (2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4122351\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiI\" target=\"_new\">\"A phylogenetic re-analysis of groupers with applications for ciguatera fish poisoning\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAiM\">PLOS ONE<\/i>. <b id=\"rdp-we-mwAiQ\">9<\/b> (8) e98198. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiU\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2014PLoSO...998198S\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiY\" target=\"_new\">2014PLoSO...998198S<\/a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAic\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAig\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0098198\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAik\" target=\"_new\">10.1371\/journal.pone.0098198<\/a><\/span>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAio\" target=\"_new\">ISSN<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAis\">\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1932-6203\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiw\" target=\"_new\">1932-6203<\/a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\" title=\"PMC (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAi0\" target=\"_new\">PMC<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAi4\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAi8\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4122351\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjA\" target=\"_new\">4122351<\/a><\/span>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjE\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjI\">\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25093850\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjM\" target=\"_new\">25093850<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&amp;rft.atitle=A+phylogenetic+re-analysis+of+groupers+with+applications+for+ciguatera+fish+poisoning&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issue=8&amp;rft.artnum=e98198&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4122351%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014PLoSO...998198S&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25093850&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0098198&amp;rft.issn=1932-6203&amp;rft.aulast=Schoelinck&amp;rft.aufirst=Charlotte&amp;rft.au=Hinsinger%2C+Damien+D.&amp;rft.au=Detta%C3%AF%2C+Agn%C3%A8s&amp;rft.au=Cruaud%2C+Corinne&amp;rft.au=Justine%2C+Jean-Lou&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4122351&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt30\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjQ\"><\/span> <span style=\"position:relative; top: -2px;\" about=\"#mwt32\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"open access\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Open_access\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjY\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"open access publication \u2013 free to read\"}'><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_access\" title=\"open access publication \u2013 free to read\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjc\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Open access icon\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg\/20px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"14\" width=\"9\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjg\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-:1-8\" id=\"cite_note-:1-8\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"8\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_8-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjs\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_8-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAj0\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-:1-8\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt34\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAj4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite journal \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Yang\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Yang\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"November 24, 2021\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Chromosome Genome Assembly of &apos;&apos;Cromileptes altivelis&apos;&apos; Reveals Loss of Genome Fragment in &apos;&apos;Cromileptes&apos;&apos; Compared with &apos;&apos;Epinephelus&apos;&apos; Species\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"Genes\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"12\"},\"issue\":{\"wt\":\"12\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"1873\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.3390\/genes12121873\"},\"doi-access\":{\"wt\":\"free\"},\"pmid\":{\"wt\":\"34946822\"},\"pmc\":{\"wt\":\"8701792\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFYang2021\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt34\">Yang, Yang (November 24, 2021). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8701792\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAj8\" target=\"_new\">\"Chromosome Genome Assembly of <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAkA\">Cromileptes altivelis<\/i> Reveals Loss of Genome Fragment in <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAkE\">Cromileptes<\/i> Compared with <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAkI\">Epinephelus<\/i> Species\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAkM\">Genes<\/i>. <b id=\"rdp-we-mwAkQ\">12<\/b> (12): 1873. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkU\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkY\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fgenes12121873\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkc\" target=\"_new\">10.3390\/genes12121873<\/a><\/span>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\" title=\"PMC (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkg\" target=\"_new\">PMC<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkk\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAko\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8701792\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAks\" target=\"_new\">8701792<\/a><\/span>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkw\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAk0\">\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34946822\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAk4\" target=\"_new\">34946822<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genes&amp;rft.atitle=Chromosome+Genome+Assembly+of+Cromileptes+altivelis+Reveals+Loss+of+Genome+Fragment+in+Cromileptes+Compared+with+Epinephelus+Species&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=1873&amp;rft.date=2021-11-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8701792%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34946822&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fgenes12121873&amp;rft.aulast=Yang&amp;rft.aufirst=Yang&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8701792&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt34\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAk8\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-sg-9\" id=\"cite_note-sg-9\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"9\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-sg_9-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlI\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-sg_9-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlQ\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-sg-9\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt37\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite journal \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Gong\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Shirui\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Wang\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"Tong\"},\"last3\":{\"wt\":\"Cai\"},\"first3\":{\"wt\":\"Chunyou\"},\"last4\":{\"wt\":\"Cai\"},\"first4\":{\"wt\":\"Jianshun\"},\"last5\":{\"wt\":\"Yang\"},\"first5\":{\"wt\":\"Yang\"},\"last6\":{\"wt\":\"Zhong\"},\"first6\":{\"wt\":\"Chaoyue\"},\"last7\":{\"wt\":\"Wu\"},\"first7\":{\"wt\":\"Xi\"},\"last8\":{\"wt\":\"Tao\"},\"first8\":{\"wt\":\"Yuhao\"},\"last9\":{\"wt\":\"Zeng\"},\"first9\":{\"wt\":\"Leilei\"},\"last10\":{\"wt\":\"Wei\"},\"first10\":{\"wt\":\"Qichuang\"},\"last11\":{\"wt\":\"Song\"},\"first11\":{\"wt\":\"Leling\"},\"last12\":{\"wt\":\"Liu\"},\"first12\":{\"wt\":\"Xiaochun\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2025-01-30\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Development and characterization of a novel intergeneric hybrid grouper (&apos;&apos;Cromileptes altivelis&apos;&apos; \u2640 \u00d7 &apos;&apos;Epinephelus lanceolatus&apos;&apos; \u2642)\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0044848624009542\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"Aquaculture\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"595\"},\"article-number\":{\"wt\":\"741493\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741493\"},\"bibcode\":{\"wt\":\"2025Aquac.59541493G\"},\"issn\":{\"wt\":\"0044-8486\"},\"url-access\":{\"wt\":\"subscription\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFGongWangCaiCai2025\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt37\">Gong, Shirui; Wang, Tong; Cai, Chunyou; Cai, Jianshun; Yang, Yang; Zhong, Chaoyue; Wu, Xi; Tao, Yuhao; Zeng, Leilei; Wei, Qichuang; Song, Leling; Liu, Xiaochun (2025-01-30). <span class=\"id-lock-subscription\" title=\"Paid subscription required\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlY\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0044848624009542\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlc\" target=\"_new\">\"Development and characterization of a novel intergeneric hybrid grouper (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAlg\">Cromileptes altivelis<\/i> \u2640 \u00d7 <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAlk\">Epinephelus lanceolatus<\/i> \u2642)\"<\/a><\/span>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAlo\">Aquaculture<\/i>. <b id=\"rdp-we-mwAls\">595<\/b> 741493. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlw\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2025Aquac.59541493G\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAl0\" target=\"_new\">2025Aquac.59541493G<\/a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAl4\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2024.741493\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAl8\" target=\"_new\">10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741493<\/a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmA\" target=\"_new\">ISSN<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmE\">\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0044-8486\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmI\" target=\"_new\">0044-8486<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&amp;rft.atitle=Development+and+characterization+of+a+novel+intergeneric+hybrid+grouper+%28Cromileptes+altivelis+%E2%99%80+%C3%97+Epinephelus+lanceolatus+%E2%99%82%29&amp;rft.volume=595&amp;rft.artnum=741493&amp;rft.date=2025-01-30&amp;rft.issn=0044-8486&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2024.741493&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2025Aquac.59541493G&amp;rft.aulast=Gong&amp;rft.aufirst=Shirui&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Tong&amp;rft.au=Cai%2C+Chunyou&amp;rft.au=Cai%2C+Jianshun&amp;rft.au=Yang%2C+Yang&amp;rft.au=Zhong%2C+Chaoyue&amp;rft.au=Wu%2C+Xi&amp;rft.au=Tao%2C+Yuhao&amp;rft.au=Zeng%2C+Leilei&amp;rft.au=Wei%2C+Qichuang&amp;rft.au=Song%2C+Leling&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Xiaochun&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0044848624009542&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt37\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmM\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-:2-10\" id=\"cite_note-:2-10\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"10\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmY\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmg\">2<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmo\">3<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAms\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmw\">4<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAm0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAm4\">5<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-:2-10\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt69\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAm8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite book \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Heemstra\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"PC\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1993\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations\"},\"isbn\":{\"wt\":\"92-5-103125-8\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Rome\"},\"publication-date\":{\"wt\":\"1993\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"63\u201364\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"English\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFHeemstra1993\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt69\">Heemstra, PC (1993). <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAnA\">An 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Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnE\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnI\">63\u2013<\/span>64. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnM\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnQ\">\u00a0<\/span><bdi id=\"rdp-we-mwAnY\">92-5-103125-8<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=An+annotated+and+illustrated+catalogue+of+the+grouper%2C+rockcod%2C+hind%2C+coral+grouper+and+lyretail+species+known+to+date&amp;rft.place=Rome&amp;rft.pages=63-64&amp;rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=92-5-103125-8&amp;rft.aulast=Heemstra&amp;rft.aufirst=PC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt69\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnc\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-eol-11\" id=\"cite_note-eol-11\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"11\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAng\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-eol_11-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAno\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-eol_11-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAns\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnw\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-eol-11\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt62\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAn0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"EOL \",\"href\":\".\/Template:EOL\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"46579762 \"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\" Humpback Grouper \"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"20 June 2020\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt62\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAn4\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eol.org\/pages\/46579762\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAn8\" target=\"_new\">\"Humpback Grouper\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAoA\">The <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclopedia_of_Life\" title=\"Encyclopedia of Life\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoE\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Encyclopedia of Life<\/a><\/i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoI\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoM\">20 June<\/span> 2020<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Life&amp;rft.atitle=Humpback+Grouper&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eol.org%2Fpages%2F46579762&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt62\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoQ\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Encyclopedia_of_Life_ID_same_as_Wikidata\" about=\"#mwt62\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoU\"\/><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-:3-12\" id=\"cite_note-:3-12\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"12\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_12-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAog\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_12-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAok\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoo\">2<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_12-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAos\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAow\">3<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_12-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAo0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAo4\">4<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_12-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAo8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApA\">5<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-:3-12\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt45\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Panther Grouper (&apos;&apos;Chromileptes altivelis&apos;&apos;) \u2013 Species Profile\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/nas.er.usgs.gov\/queries\/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=966\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2024-11-08\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt45\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApI\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/nas.er.usgs.gov\/queries\/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=966\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApM\" target=\"_new\">\"Panther Grouper (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwApQ\">Chromileptes altivelis<\/i>) \u2013 Species Profile\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwApU\">USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database<\/i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApc\">2024-11-08<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=USGS+Nonindigenous+Aquatic+Species+Database&amp;rft.atitle=Panther+Grouper+%28Chromileptes+altivelis%29+%E2%80%93+Species+Profile&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnas.er.usgs.gov%2Fqueries%2Ffactsheet.aspx%3FSpeciesID%3D966&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt45\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApg\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-13\" id=\"cite_note-13\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAps\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt48\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite journal \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Reynolds\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"William Wallace\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Casterlin\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"Martha Elizabeth\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1980-11-01\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Thermoregulatory behavior of juvenile cromileptes altivelis (serranidae), a tropical marine fish\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00006494\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"Hydrobiologia\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"75\"},\"issue\":{\"wt\":\"3\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"281\u2013282\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.1007\/BF00006494\"},\"bibcode\":{\"wt\":\"1980HyBio..75..281R\"},\"issn\":{\"wt\":\"1573-5117\"},\"url-access\":{\"wt\":\"subscription\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFReynoldsCasterlin1980\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt48\">Reynolds, William Wallace; Casterlin, Martha Elizabeth (1980-11-01). <span class=\"id-lock-subscription\" title=\"Paid subscription required\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAp0\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00006494\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAp4\" target=\"_new\">\"Thermoregulatory behavior of juvenile cromileptes altivelis (serranidae), a tropical marine fish\"<\/a><\/span>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAp8\">Hydrobiologia<\/i>. <b id=\"rdp-we-mwAqA\">75<\/b> (3): <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqE\">281\u2013<\/span>282. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqI\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1980HyBio..75..281R\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqM\" target=\"_new\">1980HyBio..75..281R<\/a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqQ\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2FBF00006494\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqU\" target=\"_new\">10.1007\/BF00006494<\/a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqY\" target=\"_new\">ISSN<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqc\">\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1573-5117\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqg\" target=\"_new\">1573-5117<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&amp;rft.atitle=Thermoregulatory+behavior+of+juvenile+cromileptes+altivelis+%28serranidae%29%2C+a+tropical+marine+fish&amp;rft.volume=75&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=281-282&amp;rft.date=1980-11-01&amp;rft.issn=1573-5117&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00006494&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1980HyBio..75..281R&amp;rft.aulast=Reynolds&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Wallace&amp;rft.au=Casterlin%2C+Martha+Elizabeth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2FBF00006494&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt48\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqk\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-14\" id=\"cite_note-14\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqo\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqw\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt54\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAq0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite news \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Wadlow, K.\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"9 January 2013\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Is The Humpback Grouper The Latest Invasive Fish For The Florida Keys?\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/01\/09\/invasive-fish-florida-keys-humpback-grouper_n_2440774.html\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Huffington Post\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"25 May 2018\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFWadlow,_K.2013\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt54\">Wadlow, K. (9 January 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/01\/09\/invasive-fish-florida-keys-humpback-grouper_n_2440774.html\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAq4\" target=\"_new\">\"Is The Humpback Grouper The Latest Invasive Fish For The Florida Keys?\"<\/a>. Huffington Post<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAq8\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArA\">25 May<\/span> 2018<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Is+The+Humpback+Grouper+The+Latest+Invasive+Fish+For+The+Florida+Keys%3F&amp;rft.date=2013-01-09&amp;rft.au=Wadlow%2C+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F01%2F09%2Finvasive-fish-florida-keys-humpback-grouper_n_2440774.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt54\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArE\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-15\" id=\"cite_note-15\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArQ\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt66\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite journal \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Cao\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"Xiaoying\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Deng\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"Shunyun\"},\"last3\":{\"wt\":\"Liu\"},\"first3\":{\"wt\":\"Quanyin\"},\"last4\":{\"wt\":\"Wu\"},\"first4\":{\"wt\":\"Lisheng\"},\"last5\":{\"wt\":\"Zhuang\"},\"first5\":{\"wt\":\"Xuan\"},\"last6\":{\"wt\":\"Ding\"},\"first6\":{\"wt\":\"Shaoxiong\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"January 2023\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Important Role of the Ihh Signaling Pathway in Initiating Early Cranial Remodeling and Morphological Specialization in &apos;&apos;Cromileptes altivelis&apos;&apos;\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"Animals\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"13\"},\"issue\":{\"wt\":\"24\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"3840\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.3390\/ani13243840\"},\"doi-access\":{\"wt\":\"free\"},\"pmid\":{\"wt\":\"38136878\"},\"pmc\":{\"wt\":\"10740873\"},\"issn\":{\"wt\":\"2076-2615\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFCaoDengLiuWu2023\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt66\">Cao, Xiaoying; Deng, Shunyun; Liu, Quanyin; Wu, Lisheng; Zhuang, Xuan; Ding, Shaoxiong (January 2023). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10740873\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArY\" target=\"_new\">\"Important Role of the Ihh Signaling Pathway in Initiating Early Cranial Remodeling and Morphological Specialization in <i id=\"rdp-we-mwArc\">Cromileptes altivelis<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwArg\">Animals<\/i>. <b id=\"rdp-we-mwArk\">13<\/b> (24): 3840. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAro\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArs\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Fani13243840\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArw\" target=\"_new\">10.3390\/ani13243840<\/a><\/span>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAr0\" target=\"_new\">ISSN<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAr4\">\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2076-2615\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAr8\" target=\"_new\">2076-2615<\/a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\" title=\"PMC (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsA\" target=\"_new\">PMC<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsE\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsI\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10740873\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsM\" target=\"_new\">10740873<\/a><\/span>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsQ\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsU\">\u00a0<\/span><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38136878\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsY\" target=\"_new\">38136878<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Animals&amp;rft.atitle=Important+Role+of+the+Ihh+Signaling+Pathway+in+Initiating+Early+Cranial+Remodeling+and+Morphological+Specialization+in+Cromileptes+altivelis&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=24&amp;rft.pages=3840&amp;rft.date=2023-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10740873%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=2076-2615&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38136878&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fani13243840&amp;rft.aulast=Cao&amp;rft.aufirst=Xiaoying&amp;rft.au=Deng%2C+Shunyun&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Quanyin&amp;rft.au=Wu%2C+Lisheng&amp;rft.au=Zhuang%2C+Xuan&amp;rft.au=Ding%2C+Shaoxiong&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10740873&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt66\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsc\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-reefapp-16\" id=\"cite_note-reefapp-16\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"16\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-reefapp_16-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAso\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-reefapp_16-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAss\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAsw\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-reefapp-16\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt84\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAs0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite web \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_web\"},\"params\":{\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Panther Grouper\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/www.rosamondgiffordzoo.org\/experience\/animals\/fish\/panther-grouper\/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2024-11-08\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Rosamond Gifford Zoo\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en-US\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt84\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAs4\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosamondgiffordzoo.org\/experience\/animals\/fish\/panther-grouper\/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAs8\" target=\"_new\">\"Panther Grouper\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAtA\">Rosamond Gifford Zoo<\/i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAtE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAtI\">2024-11-08<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Rosamond+Gifford+Zoo&amp;rft.atitle=Panther+Grouper&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosamondgiffordzoo.org%2Fexperience%2Fanimals%2Ffish%2Fpanther-grouper%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt84\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAtM\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-:5-17\" id=\"cite_note-:5-17\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"17\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAtQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_17-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAtU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAtY\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_17-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAtc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAtg\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-:5-17\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt79\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAtk\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite journal \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Williams\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Ashley J.\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"December 2009\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Age-based demography of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis: implications for fisheries management and conservation\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/esr2009\/9\/n009p067.pdf\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"Endangered Species Research\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"9\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"67\u201379\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.3354\/esr00237\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFWilliams2009\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt79\">Williams, Ashley J. (December 2009). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/esr2009\/9\/n009p067.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAto\" target=\"_new\">\"Age-based demography of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis: implications for fisheries management and conservation\"<\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAts\">(PDF)<\/span>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAtw\">Endangered Species Research<\/i>. <b id=\"rdp-we-mwAt0\">9<\/b>: <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAt4\">67\u2013<\/span>79. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAt8\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354%2Fesr00237\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAuA\" target=\"_new\">10.3354\/esr00237<\/a>.<\/cite><span 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FISHERY\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/www.fish.gov.au\/Archived-Reports\/2014\/Documents\/Williams_et_al_2007_Eval_of_eastern_TSRLF.pdf\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"Fish.gov.au\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFWilliams2007\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt92\">Williams, Ashley J. (2007). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fish.gov.au\/Archived-Reports\/2014\/Documents\/Williams_et_al_2007_Eval_of_eastern_TSRLF.pdf\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAu8\" target=\"_new\">\"EVALUATION OF THE EASTERN TORRES STRAIT REEF LINE FISHERY\"<\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvA\">(PDF)<\/span>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAvE\">Fish.gov.au<\/i>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Fish.gov.au&amp;rft.atitle=EVALUATION+OF+THE+EASTERN+TORRES+STRAIT+REEF+LINE+FISHERY&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Williams&amp;rft.aufirst=Ashley+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fish.gov.au%2FArchived-Reports%2F2014%2FDocuments%2FWilliams_et_al_2007_Eval_of_eastern_TSRLF.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvI\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-cir.nii.ac.jp-20\" id=\"cite_note-cir.nii.ac.jp-20\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"20\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-cir.nii.ac.jp_20-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvU\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-cir.nii.ac.jp_20-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvc\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-cir.nii.ac.jp-20\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt98\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite journal \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"H\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Wang\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"1997\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The problems and situation in the artificial propagation of grouper, Epinephelus\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1573668924841850112\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"J Dalian Fish\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"12\"},\"issue\":{\"wt\":\"3\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"44\u201351\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFH1997\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt98\">H, Wang (1997). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1573668924841850112\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvk\" target=\"_new\">\"The problems and situation in the artificial propagation of grouper, Epinephelus\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAvo\">J Dalian Fish<\/i>. <b id=\"rdp-we-mwAvs\">12<\/b> (3): <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAvw\">44\u2013<\/span>51.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=J+Dalian+Fish&amp;rft.atitle=The+problems+and+situation+in+the+artificial+propagation+of+grouper%2C+Epinephelus&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=44-51&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=H&amp;rft.aufirst=Wang&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcir.nii.ac.jp%2Fcrid%2F1573668924841850112&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt98\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAv0\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-:6-21\" id=\"cite_note-:6-21\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"21\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAv4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_21-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAv8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAwA\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_21-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAwE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAwI\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-:6-21\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt101\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAwM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"FishBase \",\"href\":\".\/Template:FishBase\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Chromileptes\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"altivelis \"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2024\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFroesePauly2024\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt101\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rainer_Froese\" title=\"Rainer Froese\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAwQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Froese, Rainer<\/a>; <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Pauly\" title=\"Daniel Pauly\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAwU\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pauly, Daniel<\/a>, eds. (2024). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.org\/summary\/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Chromileptes&speciesname=altivelis\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAwY\" target=\"_new\">\"<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAwc\">Chromileptes altivelis<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAwg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAwk\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a><\/i>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FishBase&amp;rft.atitle=Chromileptes+altivelis&amp;rft.date=2024&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DChromileptes%26speciesname%3Daltivelis&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt101\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAwo\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-:7-22\" id=\"cite_note-:7-22\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"22\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAws\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_22-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAww\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAw0\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_22-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAw4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAw8\">2<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_22-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxE\">3<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-:7-22\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt108\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite journal \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Pamungkas\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"G Y\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2021\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Enlargement technique of humpback grouper (&apos;&apos;Cromileptes altivelis&apos;&apos;) with floating nets cage\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"679\"},\"issue\":{\"wt\":\"1\"},\"article-number\":{\"wt\":\"012030\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.1088\/1755-1315\/679\/1\/012030\"},\"bibcode\":{\"wt\":\"2021E&amp;ES..679a2030P\"},\"doi-access\":{\"wt\":\"free\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFPamungkas2021\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt108\">Pamungkas, G Y (2021). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F679%2F1%2F012030\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxM\" target=\"_new\">\"Enlargement technique of humpback grouper (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAxQ\">Cromileptes altivelis<\/i>) with floating nets cage\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAxU\">IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science<\/i>. <b id=\"rdp-we-mwAxY\">679<\/b> (1) 012030. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxc\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2021E&ES..679a2030P\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxg\" target=\"_new\">2021E<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxk\">&amp;<\/span>ES..679a2030P<\/a>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxo\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxs\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F679%2F1%2F012030\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAxw\" target=\"_new\">10.1088\/1755-1315\/679\/1\/012030<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IOP+Conference+Series%3A+Earth+and+Environmental+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Enlargement+technique+of+humpback+grouper+%28Cromileptes+altivelis%29+with+floating+nets+cage&amp;rft.volume=679&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.artnum=012030&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F679%2F1%2F012030&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021E%26ES..679a2030P&amp;rft.aulast=Pamungkas&amp;rft.aufirst=G+Y&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1088%252F1755-1315%252F679%252F1%252F012030&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt108\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAx0\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-23\" id=\"cite_note-23\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAx4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAx8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAyA\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-23\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt115\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAyE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite journal \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_journal\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Siar\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Susana V\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Study on economics and socio-economics of small-scale marine fish hatcheries and nurseries, with special reference to grouper systems in Bali, Indonesia\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/document?repid=rep1&amp;type=pdf&amp;doi=e2496a31917ddd28c8a5219710efa23bbb2241e2\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture Network\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSiar\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" about=\"#mwt115\">Siar, Susana V. <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=e2496a31917ddd28c8a5219710efa23bbb2241e2\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAyI\" target=\"_new\">\"Study on economics and socio-economics of small-scale marine fish hatcheries and nurseries, with special reference to grouper systems in Bali, Indonesia\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAyM\">Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture Network<\/i>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Asia-Pacific+Marine+Finfish+Aquaculture+Network&amp;rft.atitle=Study+on+economics+and+socio-economics+of+small-scale+marine+fish+hatcheries+and+nurseries%2C+with+special+reference+to+grouper+systems+in+Bali%2C+Indonesia&amp;rft.aulast=Siar&amp;rft.aufirst=Susana+V&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fdocument%3Frepid%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf%26doi%3De2496a31917ddd28c8a5219710efa23bbb2241e2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt115\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAyQ\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"16\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAyU\" aria-labelledby=\"External_links\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-External_links\">External links<\/h2><\/div>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt123\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAyY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Commons\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Commons\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><\/span>\n<ul id=\"rdp-we-mwAyg\"><li id=\"rdp-we-mwAyk\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt127\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAyo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite WoRMS\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_WoRMS\"},\"params\":{\"id\":{\"wt\":\"401295\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"&apos;&apos;Chromileptes altivelis&apos;&apos; (Valenciennes, 1828)\"},\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Bailly, Nicolas\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2023-01-11\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFBailly,_Nicolas2023\" class=\"citation web cs1\" about=\"#mwt127\">Bailly, Nicolas (2023-01-11). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=401295\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">\"<i>Chromileptes altivelis<\/i> (Valenciennes, 1828)\"<\/a>. <i>WoRMS<\/i>. <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=WoRMS&amp;rft.atitle=Chromileptes+altivelis+%28Valenciennes%2C+1828%29&amp;rft.date=2023-01-11&amp;rft.au=Bailly%2C+Nicolas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%2Faphia.php%3Fp%3Dtaxdetails%26id%3D401295&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumpback+grouper\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt127\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAys\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAyw\"><span about=\"#mwt129\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAy0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"sealifephotos\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Sealifephotos\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"218193\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Photos of <\/span><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/sealifecollection.org\/taxon\/218193\" about=\"#mwt129\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">Humpback grouper<\/a><span about=\"#mwt129\"> in the Sealife Collection<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\" about=\"#mwt130\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAy4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"grouper\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Grouper\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><\/span><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Extant_Epinephelinae_species_(Groupers)9336\" style=\"padding:3px\" about=\"#mwt130\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAy8\"><table class=\"nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064\" about=\"#mwt133\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'\/><\/span><div id=\"rdp-we-Extant_Epinephelinae_species_(Groupers)9336\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Extant <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grouper\" title=\"Grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Epinephelinae<\/a> species <small>(Groupers)<\/small><\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alphestes\" title=\"Alphestes\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Alphestes<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alphestes_immaculatus\" title=\"Alphestes immaculatus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Alphestes immaculatus<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anyperodon\" title=\"Anyperodon\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Anyperodon<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anyperodon_leucogrammicus\" title=\"Anyperodon leucogrammicus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">slender grouper (<i>A. leucogrammicus<\/i>)<\/a><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aethaloperca_rogaa\" title=\"Aethaloperca rogaa\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Aethaloperca<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aethaloperca_rogaa\" title=\"Aethaloperca rogaa\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Aethaloperca rogaa<\/a><\/i><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cephalopholis\" title=\"Cephalopholis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Cephalopholis<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue-Spotted_Grouper\" title=\"Blue-Spotted Grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Blue-Spotted Grouper (<i>C. argus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolate_hind\" title=\"Chocolate hind\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Chocolate hind (<i>C. boenak<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cephalopholis_colonus\" title=\"Cephalopholis colonus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pacific creole-fish (<i>C. colonus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Graysby\" title=\"Graysby\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Graysby  (<i>C. cruentata<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bluelined_hind\" title=\"Bluelined hind\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Bluelined hind (<i>C. formosa<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coney_fish\" title=\"Coney fish\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Coney (<i>C. fulva<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellowfin_hind\" title=\"Yellowfin hind\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Yellowfin hind  (<i>C. hemistiktos<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neptune_grouper\" title=\"Neptune grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Neptune grouper (<i>C. igarashiensis<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cephalopholis_leopardus\" title=\"Cephalopholis leopardus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Leopard grouper (<i>C. leopardus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vermillion_seabass\" title=\"Vermillion seabass\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Vermillion seabass (<i>C. miniata<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cephalopholis_panamensis\" title=\"Cephalopholis panamensis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pacific Graysby (<i>C. panamensis<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_hind\" title=\"Tomato hind\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Tomato hind (<i>C. sonnerati<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cephalopholis_spiloparaea\" title=\"Cephalopholis spiloparaea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Strawberry grouper (<i>C. spiloparaea<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cephalopholis_taeniops\" title=\"Cephalopholis taeniops\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Blue Spotted Sea Bass | (<i>C. taeniops<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chromileptes\" title=\"Chromileptes\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Chromileptes<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humpback_grouper\" class=\"mw-selflink selflink wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Humpback grouper (<i>C. altivelis<\/i>)<\/a><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dermatolepis\" title=\"Dermatolepis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Dermatolepis<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marbled_grouper\" title=\"Marbled grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">marbled grouper (<i>D. inermis<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smooth_grouper\" title=\"Smooth grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">smooth grouper (<i>D.  striolata<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epinephelus\" title=\"Epinephelus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Epinephelus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Areolate_grouper\" title=\"Areolate grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Areolate grouper (<i>E. areolatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_goliath_grouper\" title=\"Atlantic goliath grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Atlantic goliath grouper (<i>E. itajara<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epinephelus_amblycephalus\" title=\"Epinephelus amblycephalus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Banded grouper (<i>E. amblycephalus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blacktip_grouper\" title=\"Blacktip grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Blacktip grouper (<i>E. fasciatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_and_yellow_grouper\" title=\"Blue and yellow grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Blue and yellow grouper (<i>E. flavocaeruleus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brown-marbled_grouper\" title=\"Brown-marbled grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Brown-marbled grouper (<i>E. fuscoguttatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brownspotted_grouper\" title=\"Brownspotted grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Brownspotted grouper (<i>E. chlorostigma<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camouflage_grouper\" title=\"Camouflage grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Camouflage grouper (<i>E. polyphekadion<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catface_grouper\" title=\"Catface grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Catface grouper (<i>E. andersoni<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comet_grouper\" title=\"Comet grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Comet grouper (<i>E. morrhua<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coral_grouper\" title=\"Coral grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Coral grouper (<i>E. corallicola<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dotted_grouper\" title=\"Dotted grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Dotted grouper (<i>E. epistictus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dusky_grouper\" title=\"Dusky grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Dusky grouper (<i>E. marginatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epinephelus_stoliczkae\" title=\"Epinephelus stoliczkae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Epaulet grouper (<i>E. stoliczkae<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foursaddle_grouper\" title=\"Foursaddle grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Foursaddle grouper (<i>E. spilotoceps<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giant_grouper\" title=\"Giant grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Giant grouper (<i>E. lanceolatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greasy_grouper\" title=\"Greasy grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Greasy grouper (<i>E. tauvina<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honeycomb_grouper\" title=\"Honeycomb grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Honeycomb grouper (<i>E. merra<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Kong_grouper\" title=\"Hong Kong grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hong Kong grouper (<i>E. akaara<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Longfin_grouper\" title=\"Longfin grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Longfin grouper (<i>E. quoyanus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Longtooth_grouper\" title=\"Longtooth grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Longtooth grouper (<i>E. bruneus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malabar_grouper\" title=\"Malabar grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Malabar grouper (<i>E. malabaricus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marquesan_grouper\" title=\"Marquesan grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Marquesan grouper (<i>E. irroratus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nassau_grouper\" title=\"Nassau grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Nassau grouper (<i>E. striatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange-spotted_grouper\" title=\"Orange-spotted grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Orange-spotted grouper (<i>E. coioides<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Goliath_grouper\" title=\"Pacific Goliath grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Pacific Goliath grouper (<i>E. quinquefasciatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potato_grouper\" title=\"Potato grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Potato grouper (<i>E. tukula<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_grouper\" title=\"Red grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Red grouper (<i>E. morio<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_hind\" title=\"Red hind\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Red hind (<i>E. guttatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddletail_grouper\" title=\"Saddletail grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Saddletail grouper (<i>E. daemelii<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Speckled_hind\" title=\"Speckled hind\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Speckled hind (<i>E. drummondhayi<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spotted_grouper\" title=\"Spotted grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Spotted grouper (<i>E. analogus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epinephelus_labriformis\" title=\"Epinephelus labriformis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Starry grouper (<i>E. labriformis<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Summan_grouper\" title=\"Summan grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Summan grouper (<i>E. summana<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wavy-lined_grouper\" title=\"Wavy-lined grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Wavy-lined grouper (<i>E. undulosus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_grouper\" title=\"White grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">White grouper (<i>E. aeneus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White-edged_grouper\" title=\"White-edged grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">White-edged grouper (<i>E. albomarginatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whitespotted_grouper\" title=\"Whitespotted grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Whitespotted grouper (<i>E. coeruleopunctatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White-streaked_grouper\" title=\"White-streaked grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">White-streaked grouper (<i>E. ongus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_grouper\" title=\"Yellow grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Yellow grouper (<i>E. awoara<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gonioplectrus\" title=\"Gonioplectrus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Gonioplectrus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gonioplectrus_hispanus\" title=\"Gonioplectrus hispanus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Spanish flag (G. hispanus)<\/a><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gracila\" title=\"Gracila\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Gracila<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gracila_albomarginata\" title=\"Gracila albomarginata\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Masked Grouper (G. albomarginata)<\/a><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyporthodus\" title=\"Hyporthodus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hyporthodus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyporthodus_acanthistius\" title=\"Hyporthodus acanthistius\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Hyporthodus acanthistius<\/a><\/i> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rooster_hind\" title=\"Rooster hind\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Rooster hind<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><i><\/i> ()<\/li>\n<li><i><\/i> ()<\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyporthodus_exsul\" title=\"Hyporthodus exsul\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hyporthodus exsul<\/a><\/i> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tenspine_grouper\" title=\"Tenspine grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Tenspine grouper<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><i><\/i> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellowedge_grouper\" title=\"Yellowedge grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Yellowedge grouper<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><i><\/i> ()<\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyporthodus_mystacinus\" title=\"Hyporthodus mystacinus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hyporthodus mystacinus<\/a><\/i> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Misty_grouper\" title=\"Misty grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Misty grouper<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyporthodus_nigritus\" title=\"Hyporthodus nigritus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hyporthodus nigritus<\/a><\/i> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw_grouper\" title=\"Warsaw grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Warsaw grouper<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><i><\/i> ()<\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyporthodus_niveatus\" title=\"Hyporthodus niveatus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Hyporthodus niveatus<\/a><\/i> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snowy_grouper\" title=\"Snowy grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Snowy grouper<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyporthodus_octofasciatus\" title=\"Hyporthodus octofasciatus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hyporthodus octofasciatus<\/a><\/i> ()<\/li>\n<li><i><\/i> ()<\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyporthodus_quernus\" title=\"Hyporthodus quernus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Hyporthodus quernus<\/a><\/i> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaiian_grouper\" title=\"Hawaiian grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hawaiian grouper<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyporthodus_septemfasciatus\" title=\"Hyporthodus septemfasciatus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hyporthodus septemfasciatus<\/a><\/i> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convict_grouper\" title=\"Convict grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Convict grouper<\/a>)<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mycteroperca\" title=\"Mycteroperca\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Mycteroperca<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_grouper\" title=\"Black grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Black grouper (<i>M. bonaci<\/i>) <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venezuelan_grouper\" title=\"Venezuelan grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Venezuelan grouper (<i>M. cidi<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_grouper\" title=\"Gulf grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Gulf grouper (<i>M. jordani<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mycteroperca_microlepis\" title=\"Mycteroperca microlepis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Gag grouper (<i>M. microlepis<\/i>) <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sailfin_grouper\" title=\"Sailfin grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sailfin grouper (<i>M. olfax<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sawtail_grouper\" title=\"Sawtail grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sawtail grouper (<i>M. prionura<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mycteroperca_rosacea\" title=\"Mycteroperca rosacea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Leopard grouper (<i>M. rosacea<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mottled_grouper\" title=\"Mottled grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Mottled grouper (<i>M. rubra<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiger_grouper\" title=\"Tiger grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Tiger grouper (<i>M. tigris<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broomtail_grouper\" title=\"Broomtail grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Broomtail grouper (<i>M. xenarcha<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellowfin_grouper\" title=\"Yellowfin grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Yellowfin grouper (<i>M. venenosa<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scamp_grouper\" title=\"Scamp grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Scamp grouper (<i>M. phenax<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellowmouth_grouper\" title=\"Yellowmouth grouper\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Yellowmouth grouper (<i>M. interstitialis<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paranthias\" title=\"Paranthias\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Paranthias<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plectropomus\" title=\"Plectropomus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Plectropomus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plectropomus_areolatus\" title=\"Plectropomus areolatus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Plectropomus areolatus<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plectropomus_laevis\" title=\"Plectropomus laevis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Plectropomus laevis<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plectropomus_leopardus\" title=\"Plectropomus leopardus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Plectropomus leopardus<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plectropomus_maculatus\" title=\"Plectropomus maculatus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Plectropomus maculatus<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plectropomus_pessuliferus\" title=\"Plectropomus pessuliferus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Plectropomus pessuliferus<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><\/i><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saloptia\" title=\"Saloptia\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Saloptia<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saloptia_powelli\" title=\"Saloptia powelli\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Saloptia powelli <\/a><\/i><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triso\" title=\"Triso\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Triso<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triso_dermopterus\" title=\"Triso dermopterus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Triso dermopterus<\/a><\/i><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Variola_(fish)\" title=\"Variola (fish)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Variola<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Variola_albimarginata\" title=\"Variola albimarginata\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Variola albimarginata<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow-edged_lyretail\" title=\"Yellow-edged lyretail\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Variola louti<\/a><\/i><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt135\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAzA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Portal bar\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Portal_bar\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Fish\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"marine biology\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"marine life\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><\/span><div class=\"portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Portals\" about=\"#mwt135\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAzE\"><span class=\"portal-bar-header\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals\" title=\"Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Portals<\/a>:<\/span><ul class=\"portal-bar-content\"><li class=\"portal-bar-item\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Antennarius_striatus.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3d\/Antennarius_striatus.jpg\/40px-Antennarius_striatus.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"13\" width=\"21\" class=\"mw-file-element\"\/><\/span><\/span> <\/span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Fish\" title=\"Portal:Fish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Fish<\/a><\/li><li class=\"portal-bar-item\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Yellow.tang.arp.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a0\/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg\/40px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"17\" width=\"21\" class=\"mw-file-element\"\/><\/span><\/span> <\/span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Marine_biology\" title=\"Portal:Marine biology\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">marine biology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"portal-bar-item\"><span class=\"nowrap\"><span class=\"noviewer\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" resource=\"\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Yellow.tang.arp.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a0\/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg\/40px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"17\" width=\"21\" class=\"mw-file-element\"\/><\/span><\/span> <\/span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Marine_life\" title=\"Portal:Marine life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">marine life<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\" about=\"#mwt137\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAzI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Taxonbar\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Taxonbar\"},\"params\":{\"from\":{\"wt\":\"Q2497151\"},\"from2\":{\"wt\":\"Q664133\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064\" about=\"#mwt138\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Hlist\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'\/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517\" about=\"#mwt139\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Navbox\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'\/><\/span><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Taxon_identifiers6531\" style=\"padding:3px\" about=\"#mwt137\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"rdp-we-Taxon_identifiers6531\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Taxon_identifiers\" title=\"Help:Taxon identifiers\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taxon identifiers<\/a><\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Chromileptes<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q2497151\" title=\"wikidata:Q2497151\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Q2497151<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikispecies\" title=\"Wikispecies\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikispecies<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/species.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Chromileptes\" title=\"wikispecies:Chromileptes\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Chromileptes<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Faunal_Directory\" title=\"Australian Faunal Directory\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">AFD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/biodiversity.org.au\/afd\/taxa\/Chromileptes\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">Chromileptes<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System\" title=\"Barcode of Life Data System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">BOLD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/bench.boldsystems.org\/index.php\/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=5969\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">5969<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalogue_of_Life\" title=\"Catalogue of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/3W4G\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">3W4G<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclopedia_of_Life\" title=\"Encyclopedia of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">EoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/eol.org\/pages\/46579761\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">46579761<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a> (old): <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/2387946\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">2387946<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INaturalist\" title=\"INaturalist\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">iNaturalist<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/inaturalist.org\/taxa\/52562\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">52562<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera\" title=\"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IRMNG<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1342041\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">1342041<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System\" title=\"Integrated Taxonomic Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ITIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itis.gov\/servlet\/SingleRpt\/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=167946\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">167946<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information\" title=\"National Center for Biotechnology Information\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">NCBI<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/datasets\/taxonomy\/304458\/\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">304458<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Tree_of_Life\" title=\"Open Tree of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Open Tree of Life<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/tree.opentreeoflife.org\/taxonomy\/browse?id=1008448\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">1008448<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">WoRMS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=205473\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">205473<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Chromileptes altivelis<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q664133\" title=\"wikidata:Q664133\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Q664133<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikispecies\" title=\"Wikispecies\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikispecies<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/species.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Chromileptes%20altivelis\" title=\"wikispecies:Chromileptes altivelis\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Chromileptes altivelis<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_Diversity_Web\" title=\"Animal Diversity Web\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ADW<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/animaldiversity.org\/accounts\/Cromileptes\/\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">Cromileptes<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Faunal_Directory\" title=\"Australian Faunal Directory\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">AFD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/biodiversity.org.au\/afd\/taxa\/Chromileptes_altivelis\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">Chromileptes_altivelis<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System\" title=\"Barcode of Life Data System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">BOLD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/bench.boldsystems.org\/index.php\/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=669662\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">669662<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalogue_of_Life\" title=\"Catalogue of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/ZL9N\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">ZL9N<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclopedia_of_Life\" title=\"Encyclopedia of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">EoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/eol.org\/pages\/46579762\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">46579762<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.ca\/summary\/6457\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">6457<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a> (old): <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/2387947\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">2387947<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INaturalist\" title=\"INaturalist\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">iNaturalist<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/inaturalist.org\/taxa\/52551\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">52551<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera\" title=\"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IRMNG<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10762791\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">10762791<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invasive_Species_Compendium\" title=\"Invasive Species Compendium\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ISC<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cabi.org\/isc\/datasheet\/87544\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">87544<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System\" title=\"Integrated Taxonomic Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ITIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itis.gov\/servlet\/SingleRpt\/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=167947\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">167947<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/details\/39774\/0\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">39774<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">NAS: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/nas.er.usgs.gov\/queries\/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=966\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">966<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information\" title=\"National Center for Biotechnology Information\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">NCBI<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/datasets\/taxonomy\/304459\/\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">304459<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Observation.org\" title=\"Observation.org\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Observation.org<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/observation.org\/species\/791202\/\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">791202<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System\" title=\"Ocean Biodiversity Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">OBIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/obis.org\/taxon\/218193\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">218193<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Tree_of_Life\" title=\"Open Tree of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Open Tree of Life<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/tree.opentreeoflife.org\/taxonomy\/browse?id=1008449\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">1008449<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u81fa\u7063\u7269\u7a2e\u540d\u9304\" title=\"zh:\u81fa\u7063\u7269\u7a2e\u540d\u9304\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">TaiCOL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/taicol.tw\/taxon\/t0030756\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">t0030756<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">WoRMS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218193\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">218193<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Serranus altivelis<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q27986378\" title=\"wikidata:Q27986378\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Q27986378<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalogue_of_Life\" title=\"Catalogue of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/4WWWK\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">4WWWK<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a> (old): <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/2387951\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">2387951<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera\" title=\"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IRMNG<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10761462\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">10761462<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">WoRMS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=304810\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">304810<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt137\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Taxonbars_with_multiple_manual_Wikidata_items\"\/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Taxonbars_with_automatically_added_original_combinations\"\/><\/span>\n\n<span about=\"#mwt140\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAzM\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"DEFAULTSORT:Humpback Grouper\",\"function\":\"defaultsort\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><\/span>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Epinephelini\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAzQ\"\/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Fish_of_Palau\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAzU\"\/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Fish_described_in_1828\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAzY\"\/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Taxonomy_articles_created_by_Polbot\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAzc\"\/><\/section>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw\u2010web.codfw.main\u201054964d99bb\u2010v8qtz\nCached time: 20260716012041\nCache expiry: 2592000\nCache expiry source: Module:Citation\/CS1 (os.date(%Y))\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [vary\u2010revision\u2010sha1, show\u2010toc, use\u2010parsoid]\nCPU time usage: 1.398 seconds\nReal time usage: 1.600 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 8573\/1000000\nRevision size: 21150\/2097152 bytes\nPost\u2010expand include size: 136529\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 7259\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 21\/100\nExpensive parser function count: 30\/500\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0\/20\nUnstrip post\u2010expand size: 74698\/5000000 bytes\nLua time usage: 0.485\/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 13430836\/52428800 bytes\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 22\/500\n-->\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 1238.773      1 -total\n 19.85%  245.915      1 Template:Speciesbox\n 19.02%  235.664      1 Template:Taxobox\/core\n 14.20%  175.930      1 Template:Taxonbar\n  3.83%   47.451     10 Template:Cite_journal\n  3.65%   45.264      1 Template:Cite_iucn\n  3.50%   43.313      1 Template:Short_description\n  2.62%   32.479     34 Template:Delink\n  2.36%   29.295      1 Template:EOL\n  2.28%   28.242      2 Template:Pagetype\n-->\n\n<!-- Render ID 8f30cadc-80b4-11f1-9180-bd4300085c34 -->\n\n<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:parsoid-pcache:12612517:|#|:idhash:useParsoid=1 and timestamp 20260716012041 and revision id 1361397862. Rendering was triggered because: page_view\n -->\n\n<!-- Parsoid 0.24.0.0-alpha14 -->\n<\/div><!--\nPost\u2010processing cache key enwiki:postproc\u2010parsoid\u2010pcache:12612517:|#|:idhash:injectTOC=0!postproc=1!skin=vector\u20102022!useParsoid=1!visibleLinks=wtsingle, generated at 20260716012042\n--><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\"><\/noscript>\n<div class=\"printfooter\" data-nosnippet=\"\">source:  <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humpback_grouper\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humpback_grouper<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/main>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-footer-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div> \n<div class=\"vector-header-container 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cdx-search-input--has-end-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"cdx-search-input__input-wrapper\"  data-search-loc=\"header-moved\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"cdx-text-input__input mw-searchInput\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search Wikipedia\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button\">Search<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-context-bar\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-header-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left\"  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\"   >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-header-toc-label\" for=\"vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Humpback grouper<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-talk-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"talk-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-subject-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"subject-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-history-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"history-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-watchstar-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"watch-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-edit-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"wikitext-edit-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-ve-edit-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ve-edit-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-viewsource-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ve-edit-protected-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language cdx-button__icon\"><\/span>\n\n<span>23 languages<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-addsection-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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center;\">altivelis<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1216,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[28],"product_tag":[192,191],"class_list":{"0":"post-242","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-fish","7":"product_tag-barramundi-cod","8":"product_tag-panther-grouper","10":"first","11":"instock","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"product-type-simple"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Humpback grouper - Moalboal Reef Species<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A comprehensive online checklist of reef flora and fauna known to be present in the Moalboal reef ecosystem.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humpback-grouper\/\" 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