{"id":211,"date":"2019-10-28T03:57:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-28T03:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pavclients.com\/moalboal\/?post_type=product&#038;p=211"},"modified":"2020-07-06T11:17:42","modified_gmt":"2020-07-06T11:17:42","slug":"humphead-wrasse","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/","title":{"rendered":"Humphead wrasse"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdp-we-main\" data-resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphead_wrasse\">\n<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-aria-live-region\" class=\"mw-aria-live-region\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vector-header-container\">\n\t<header class=\"vector-header mw-header no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-start\">\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Site\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right\"  title=\"Main menu\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Main menu\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Main menu<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu\" class=\"vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"main-menu-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-main-menu\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Main menu<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-navigation\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tNavigation\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-mainpage-description\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" title=\"Visit the main page [z]\" accesskey=\"z\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Main page<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\" title=\"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contents<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-currentevents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events\" title=\"Articles related to current events\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Current events<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-randompage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Random article<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-aboutsite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>About Wikipedia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contactpage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us\" title=\"How to contact Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contact us<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-interaction\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tContribute\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-help\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents\" title=\"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Help<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-introduction\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction\" title=\"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Learn to edit<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-portal\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal\" title=\"The hub for editors\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Community portal<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-recentchanges\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Recent changes<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard\" title=\"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Upload file<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-specialpages\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Special pages<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" class=\"mw-logo wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-icon\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"50\" width=\"50\">\n\t<span class=\"mw-logo-container skin-invert\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-wordmark\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 1.375em;\">\n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-tagline\" alt=\"The Free Encyclopedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg\" width=\"140\" height=\"11\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 0.6875em;\">\n\t<\/span>\n<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-end\">\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-search\" role=\"search\" class=\"vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box\">\n\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Search<\/span>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"vector-typeahead-search-container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width\">\n\t\t\t<form action=\"\/w\/index.php\" id=\"rdp-we-searchform\" class=\"cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-simpleSearch\" class=\"cdx-search-input__input-wrapper\"  data-search-loc=\"header-moved\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"cdx-text-input__input mw-searchInput\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t type=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search Wikipedia\" aria-label=\"Search Wikipedia\" autocapitalize=\"none\" spellcheck=\"false\" title=\"Search Wikipedia [f]\" accesskey=\"f\" id=\"rdp-we-searchInput\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button\">Search<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide\" aria-label=\"Personal tools\">\n\t<div class=\"vector-user-links-main\">\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-preferences\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-userpage\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown\"  title=\"Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Appearance\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Appearance<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/nav>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-notifications\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-overflow\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item\"  title=\"Log in and more options\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Personal tools\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Personal tools<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item\"  title=\"User menu\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-heart mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-heart\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/nav>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-page-container\">\n\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-start\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-container\">\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc\" aria-label=\"Contents\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents<\/h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Taxonomy\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Taxonomy\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Taxonomy<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Taxonomy-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Description<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Habitat\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Habitat\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Habitat<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Habitat-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Biology\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Biology<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Biology-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toggle Biology subsection<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Reproduction\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Reproduction\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Reproduction<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Reproduction-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Relation_to_humans\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Relation_to_humans\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Relation to humans<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Relation_to_humans-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toggle Relation to humans subsection<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Relation_to_humans-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Conservation\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Conservation\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5.1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Conservation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Conservation-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-See_also\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#See_also\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>See also<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-See_also-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-References\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#References\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>References<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Further_reading\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Further_reading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Further reading<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Further_reading-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">9<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>External links<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"rdp-we-content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\"  title=\"Table of Contents\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\" aria-label=\"Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-label\" for=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">30 languages<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ramkop-lipvis\" title=\"Ramkop-lipvis \u2013 Afrikaans\" lang=\"af\" hreflang=\"af\" data-title=\"Ramkop-lipvis\" data-language-autonym=\"Afrikaans\" data-language-local-name=\"Afrikaans\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Afrikaans<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2013 Arabic\" lang=\"ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" data-title=\"\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" data-language-local-name=\"Arabic\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2013 Egyptian Arabic\" lang=\"arz\" hreflang=\"arz\" data-title=\"\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0649\" data-language-local-name=\"Egyptian Arabic\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0649<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0\" title=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u2013 Bulgarian\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" data-title=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\" data-language-local-name=\"Bulgarian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleong\" title=\"Napoleong \u2013 Bislama\" lang=\"bi\" hreflang=\"bi\" data-title=\"Napoleong\" data-language-autonym=\"Bislama\" data-language-local-name=\"Bislama\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Bislama<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peix_napole%C3%B3\" title=\"Peix napole\u00f3 \u2013 Catalan\" lang=\"ca\" hreflang=\"ca\" data-title=\"Peix napole\u00f3\" data-language-autonym=\"Catal\u00e0\" data-language-local-name=\"Catalan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Catal\u00e0<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maming\" title=\"Maming \u2013 Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" data-title=\"Maming\" data-language-autonym=\"Cebuano\" data-language-local-name=\"Cebuano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Cebuano<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pyskoun_vlnkovan%C3%BD\" title=\"Pyskoun vlnkovan\u00fd \u2013 Czech\" lang=\"cs\" hreflang=\"cs\" data-title=\"Pyskoun vlnkovan\u00fd\" data-language-autonym=\"\u010ce\u0161tina\" data-language-local-name=\"Czech\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u010ce\u0161tina<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleon-Lippfisch\" title=\"Napoleon-Lippfisch \u2013 German\" lang=\"de\" hreflang=\"de\" data-title=\"Napoleon-Lippfisch\" data-language-autonym=\"Deutsch\" data-language-local-name=\"German\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Deutsch<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheilinus_undulatus\" title=\"Cheilinus undulatus \u2013 Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" data-title=\"Cheilinus undulatus\" data-language-autonym=\"Espa\u00f1ol\" data-language-local-name=\"Spanish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheilinus_undulatus\" title=\"Cheilinus undulatus \u2013 Basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" data-title=\"Cheilinus undulatus\" data-language-autonym=\"Euskara\" data-language-local-name=\"Basque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Euskara<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyhmyhuulikala\" title=\"Kyhmyhuulikala \u2013 Finnish\" lang=\"fi\" hreflang=\"fi\" data-title=\"Kyhmyhuulikala\" data-language-autonym=\"Suomi\" data-language-local-name=\"Finnish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Suomi<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fj.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varivoce\" title=\"Varivoce \u2013 Fijian\" lang=\"fj\" hreflang=\"fj\" data-title=\"Varivoce\" data-language-autonym=\"Na Vosa Vakaviti\" data-language-local-name=\"Fijian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napol%C3%A9on_(poisson)\" title=\"Napol\u00e9on (poisson) \u2013 French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" data-title=\"Napol\u00e9on (poisson)\" data-language-autonym=\"Fran\u00e7ais\" data-language-local-name=\"French\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A7\" title=\"\u05ea\u05e4\u05d0\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05e7 \u2013 Hebrew\" lang=\"he\" hreflang=\"he\" data-title=\"\u05ea\u05e4\u05d0\u05e8 \u05e2\u05e0\u05e7\" data-language-autonym=\"\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\" data-language-local-name=\"Hebrew\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ikan_Napoleon\" title=\"Ikan Napoleon \u2013 Indonesian\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" data-title=\"Ikan Napoleon\" data-language-autonym=\"Bahasa Indonesia\" data-language-local-name=\"Indonesian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Bahasa Indonesia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheilinus_undulatus\" title=\"Cheilinus undulatus \u2013 Italian\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" data-title=\"Cheilinus undulatus\" data-language-autonym=\"Italiano\" data-language-local-name=\"Italian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Italiano<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%A2%E3%83%81%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AA\" title=\"\u30e1\u30ac\u30cd\u30e2\u30c1\u30ce\u30a6\u30aa \u2013 Japanese\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" data-title=\"\u30e1\u30ac\u30cd\u30e2\u30c1\u30ce\u30a6\u30aa\" data-language-autonym=\"\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\" data-language-local-name=\"Japanese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%ED%81%B0%EC%96%91%EB%86%80%EB%9E%98%EA%B8%B0\" title=\"\ud070\uc591\ub180\ub798\uae30 \u2013 Korean\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" data-title=\"\ud070\uc591\ub180\ub798\uae30\" data-language-autonym=\"\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\" data-language-local-name=\"Korean\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleonvis\" title=\"Napoleonvis \u2013 Dutch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" data-title=\"Napoleonvis\" data-language-autonym=\"Nederlands\" data-language-local-name=\"Dutch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Nederlands<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wargacz_garbog%C5%82owy\" title=\"Wargacz garbog\u0142owy \u2013 Polish\" lang=\"pl\" hreflang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Wargacz garbog\u0142owy\" data-language-autonym=\"Polski\" data-language-local-name=\"Polish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Polski<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD\" title=\"\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0438\u043d \u2013 Russian\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" data-title=\"\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0438\u043d\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\" data-language-local-name=\"Russian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheilinus_undulatus\" title=\"Cheilinus undulatus \u2013 Serbian\" lang=\"sr\" hreflang=\"sr\" data-title=\"Cheilinus undulatus\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ srpski\" data-language-local-name=\"Serbian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ srpski<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napoleonfisk\" title=\"Napoleonfisk \u2013 Swedish\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" data-title=\"Napoleonfisk\" data-language-autonym=\"Svenska\" data-language-local-name=\"Swedish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Svenska<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ta.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88\" title=\"\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u2013 Tamil\" lang=\"ta\" hreflang=\"ta\" data-title=\"\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bb3\u0bc8\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd\" data-language-local-name=\"Tamil\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99\" title=\"\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e19\u0e42\u0e1b\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u2013 Thai\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" data-title=\"\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e19\u0e42\u0e1b\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\" data-language-local-name=\"Thai\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheilinus_undulatus\" title=\"Cheilinus undulatus \u2013 Ukrainian\" lang=\"uk\" hreflang=\"uk\" data-title=\"Cheilinus undulatus\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430\" data-language-local-name=\"Ukrainian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%A1_s%C3%BA_m%C3%AC\" title=\"C\u00e1 s\u00fa m\u00ec \u2013 Vietnamese\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" data-title=\"C\u00e1 s\u00fa m\u00ec\" data-language-autonym=\"Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\" data-language-local-name=\"Vietnamese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%98%87%E7%9C%89\" title=\"\u8607\u7709 \u2013 Cantonese\" lang=\"yue\" hreflang=\"yue\" data-title=\"\u8607\u7709\" data-language-autonym=\"\u7cb5\u8a9e\" data-language-local-name=\"Cantonese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u7cb5\u8a9e<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9B%B2%E7%B4%8B%E5%94%87%E9%AD%9A\" title=\"\u66f2\u7d0b\u5507\u9b5a \u2013 Chinese\" lang=\"zh\" hreflang=\"zh\" data-title=\"\u66f2\u7d0b\u5507\u9b5a\" data-language-autonym=\"\u4e2d\u6587\" data-language-local-name=\"Chinese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\">Edit links<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-left-navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Namespaces\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphead_wrasse\" title=\"View the content page [c]\" accesskey=\"c\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Article<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-ca-talk\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Humphead_wrasse\" rel=\"discussion\" title=\"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\" accesskey=\"t\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Talk<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\" aria-label=\"Change language variant\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-variants-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">English<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-variants\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-right-navigation\" class=\"vector-collapsible\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Views\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-views\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-view\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphead_wrasse\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Read<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-ca-edit\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-ca-history\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Humphead_wrasse&action=history\" title=\"Past revisions of this page [h]\" accesskey=\"h\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>View history<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Page tools\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Tools\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Tools<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools\" class=\"vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"page-tools-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-page-tools\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Tools<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-cactions\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tActions\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-more-view\" class=\"selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphead_wrasse\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Read<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-more-edit\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\">\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-more-history\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Humphead_wrasse&action=history\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>View history<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-tb\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tGeneral\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-t-whatlinkshere\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>What links here<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-recentchangeslinked\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Related changes<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard\" title=\"Upload files [u]\" accesskey=\"u\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Upload file<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-permalink\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Humphead_wrasse&oldid=1357409899\" title=\"Permanent link to this revision of this page\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Permanent link<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-info\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Humphead_wrasse&action=info\" title=\"More information about this page\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Page information<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-cite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Cite this page<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-urlshortener\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Get shortened URL<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-coll-print_export\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-coll-download-as-rl\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Download as PDF<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-print\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Humphead_wrasse&printable=yes\" title=\"Printable version of this page [p]\" accesskey=\"p\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Printable version<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-wikibase-otherprojects\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tIn other projects\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Cheilinus_undulatus\" hreflang=\"en\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/species.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Cheilinus_undulatus\" hreflang=\"en\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Wikispecies<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-wikibase\" class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item\"><span>Wikidata item<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-end no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp25eastereggs-vector-sitenotice-landmark\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Page tools\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance\" class=\"vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"appearance-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-appearance\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Appearance<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-subjectpageheader\">\n<\/div><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Species of fish<\/div>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\">This article is about <i>Crassilabrus undulatus<\/i>. For <i>Coris aygula<\/i>, see <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clown_coris\" title=\"Clown coris\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Clown coris<\/a>.<\/div>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n<\/p>\n\n<p>The <b>humphead wrasse<\/b> (<i><b>Crassilabrus undulatus<\/b><\/i>) is the largest <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Species\" title=\"Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">species<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wrasse\" title=\"Wrasse\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">wrasse<\/a> mainly found on <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coral_reef\" title=\"Coral reef\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">coral reefs<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-Pacific\" title=\"Indo-Pacific\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indo-Pacific<\/a> region. It is also known as the <b>M\u0101ori wrasse<\/b>, <b>Napoleon wrasse<\/b>, and <b>Napoleonfish<\/b>.\n<\/p><p>The species is one of the top predators of the reef ecosystem, mainly consuming various invertebrate species including the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown-of-thorns_starfish\" title=\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">crown-of-thorns starfish<\/a>. It is of interest to humans for food and for aquaria, along with a growing value in providing <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecological_service\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Ecological service\" target=\"_new\">ecological services<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp\/toc\" \/>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Taxonomy\">Taxonomy<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>The humphead wrasse has long been placed within the genus <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheilinus\" title=\"Cheilinus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Cheilinus<\/a><\/i>, though the advent of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genetic_analysis\" title=\"Genetic analysis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">genetic analysis<\/a> revealed it was in fact closer to the slingjaw wrasses of genus <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epibulus\" title=\"Epibulus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Epibulus<\/a><\/i>, being the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sister_taxon\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Sister taxon\" target=\"_new\">sister taxon<\/a> to a clade containing <i>Epibulus<\/i> and <i><\/i>. As a result, it was moved to the resurrected genus <i>Crassilabrus<\/i> in 2025, as part of a greater <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taxonomic_revision\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Taxonomic revision\" target=\"_new\">taxonomic revision<\/a> of the wrasse family.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-WoRMS&#95;3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WoRMS-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Description\">Description<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>The humphead wrasse is the largest extant member of the family <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Labridae\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Labridae\" target=\"_new\">Labridae<\/a>. Males, typically larger than females, are capable of reaching up to 229 centimetres (90&#160;in) and weighing up to 191 kilograms (421&#160;lb),<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-FishBase&#95;5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FishBase-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> but the average length tends to be around 60 centimetres (24&#160;in).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-FishBase&#95;5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FishBase-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Females rarely grow larger than one meter. This species can be easily identified by its large size, thick lips, two black lines behind its eyes, and the hump on the foreheads of larger adults. Its color can vary between olive to more vibrant shades of green and purplish-blue, with a pattern of yellow undulating lines or reticulation on the head.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-FishBase&#95;5-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FishBase-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p>Adults are usually observed living singly, but are also seen in male\u2013female pairs and in small groups.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-chateau2007&#95;9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-chateau2007-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-weng2015&#95;10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-weng2015-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-sadovy2003&#95;11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-sadovy2003-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tmulti tnone center\"><div class=\"thumbinner multiimageinner\" style=\"width:892px;max-width:892px\"><div class=\"trow\"><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:164px;max-width:164px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"height:121px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Oxycheilinus_unifasciatus_baby_(cropped).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/01\/Oxycheilinus_unifasciatus_baby_%28cropped%29.jpg\/250px-Oxycheilinus_unifasciatus_baby_%28cropped%29.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"162\" height=\"122\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">Young juvenile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:220px;max-width:220px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"height:121px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cheilinus_undulatus_331876812_(cropped).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/57\/Cheilinus_undulatus_331876812_%28cropped%29.jpg\/250px-Cheilinus_undulatus_331876812_%28cropped%29.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"218\" height=\"121\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">Older juvenile<\/div><\/div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:232px;max-width:232px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"height:121px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pez_Napole%C3%B3n_(Cheilinus_undulatus),_mar_Rojo,_Egipto,_2023-04-18,_DD_13_(cropped).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Pez_Napole%C3%B3n_%28Cheilinus_undulatus%29%2C_mar_Rojo%2C_Egipto%2C_2023-04-18%2C_DD_13_%28cropped%29.jpg\/250px-Pez_Napole%C3%B3n_%28Cheilinus_undulatus%29%2C_mar_Rojo%2C_Egipto%2C_2023-04-18%2C_DD_13_%28cropped%29.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"121\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">Female<\/div><\/div><div class=\"tsingle\" style=\"width:268px;max-width:268px\"><div class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"height:121px;overflow:hidden\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Napoleon-fish_(cropped).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Napoleon-fish_%28cropped%29.jpg\/330px-Napoleon-fish_%28cropped%29.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"266\" height=\"121\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"thumbcaption\">Male<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitogenome\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Mitogenome\" target=\"_new\">mitogenome<\/a> of this wrasse was sequenced in 2013.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Since so little was known about the wrasse's genetic relationships at a geographical scale, researchers utilized a test using <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsatellite\" title=\"Microsatellite\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">microsatellite<\/a> loci to facilitate population genetic studies. (DNA markers could not be used for testing, as the humphead wrasse lack such markers.) Of the 15 microsatellite loci used in the test, only four seemed to have different outcomes than the other 11. These loci were all prone to null alleles. However, with the presence of these null alleles, the results may have been slightly biased, or they may be related to a particularity of the <i>C. undulatus<\/i>, which are highly restricted to coral reef habitats.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Habitat\">Habitat<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>The humphead wrasses can be found on the east coast of Africa around the mouth of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Sea\" title=\"Red Sea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Red Sea<\/a>, and in some areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Juveniles are usually found in shallow, sandy ranges bordering coral reef waters, while adults are found mostly in offshore and deeper areas of coral reefs, typically in outer-reef slopes and channels, but also in lagoons.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-:2&#95;14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-tupper2007&#95;15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-tupper2007-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Biology\">Biology<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>Adults are commonly found on steep coral reef slopes, channel slopes, and lagoon reefs in water 2 to 60&#160;m (6&#160;ft 7&#160;in to 196&#160;ft 10&#160;in) deep.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-FishBase&#95;5-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FishBase-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Corl0263_(28200513552).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Corl0263_%2828200513552%29.jpg\/250px-Corl0263_%2828200513552%29.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Humphead wrasse compared to a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_humphead_parrotfish\" title=\"Green humphead parrotfish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">humphead parrotfish<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wake_Island\" title=\"Wake Island\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wake Island<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Very opportunistic <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Predation\" title=\"Predation\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">predators<\/a>, <i>C. undulatus<\/i> preys primarily on invertebrates such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mollusk\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Mollusk\" target=\"_new\">mollusks<\/a> (particularly <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gastropods\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Gastropods\" target=\"_new\">gastropods<\/a>, as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bivalvia\" title=\"Bivalvia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bivalves<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_urchin\" title=\"Sea urchin\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">sea urchins<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crustacean\" title=\"Crustacean\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">crustaceans<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Annelid\" title=\"Annelid\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">annelids<\/a>, as well as other <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fish\" title=\"Fish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">fish<\/a>, and even toxic species such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_hare\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Sea hare\" target=\"_new\">sea hares<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boxfish\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Boxfish\" target=\"_new\">boxfish<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown-of-thorns_starfish\" title=\"Crown-of-thorns starfish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">crown-of-thorns starfish<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-FishBase&#95;5-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FishBase-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Because many bivalves and sea urchins hide under the sand, wrasses may rely on fish excavators like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stingrays\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Stingrays\" target=\"_new\">stingrays<\/a>, or they may excavate these animals themselves by ejecting water to displace sand and nosing around for prey. Like many other Red Sea wrasses, humphead wrasses often crack sea urchins by carrying them to a rock in their mouths and striking them against the rock with brisk, sideways head movements.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb floatright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 252px;\">\n<div class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"width: 250px; height: 191px; overflow: hidden;\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; top: -41px; left: -19px; width: 385px\"><div class=\"noresize\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Napoleon_Wrasse,_Raa_Atoll,_Maldives_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_474999054.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5f\/Napoleon_Wrasse%2C_Raa_Atoll%2C_Maldives_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_474999054.jpg\/500px-Napoleon_Wrasse%2C_Raa_Atoll%2C_Maldives_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_474999054.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"385\" height=\"274\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Napoleon_Wrasse,_Raa_Atoll,_Maldives_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_474999054.jpg\" title=\"File:Napoleon Wrasse, Raa Atoll, Maldives imported from iNaturalist photo 474999054.jpg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"> <\/a><\/div>With <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bluefin_trevally\" title=\"Bluefin trevally\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bluefin trevally<\/a>, in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" title=\"Maldives\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Maldives<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>They sometimes engage in cooperative hunting with the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roving_coral_grouper\" title=\"Roving coral grouper\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">roving coral grouper<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The species actively selects branching <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hard_coral\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Hard coral\" target=\"_new\">hard<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soft_corals\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Soft corals\" target=\"_new\">soft corals<\/a> (one species being <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acropora\" title=\"Acropora\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Acropora<\/a><\/i>) and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seagrass\" title=\"Seagrass\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">seagrasses<\/a> at settlement. Juveniles tend to prefer a more cryptic existence in areas of dense branching corals, bushy <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seaweed\" title=\"Seaweed\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">macroalgae<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seagrass\" title=\"Seagrass\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">seagrasses<\/a>, while larger individuals and adults prefer limited home ranges in more open habitat on the edges of reefs, channels, and reef passes.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-tupper2007&#95;15-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-tupper2007-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The humphead wrasse is considered an <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Umbrella_species\" title=\"Umbrella species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">umbrella species<\/a>, which means many other species are <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sympatric\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Sympatric\" target=\"_new\">sympatric<\/a> with it and have much smaller ranges, making the conservation of the humphead wrasse's habitat benefit these other species as well.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-weng2015&#95;10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-weng2015-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Reproduction\">Reproduction<\/h3><\/div>\n<p>The humphead wrasse is long-lived, but has a very slow breeding rate. Individuals become <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexually_mature\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Sexually mature\" target=\"_new\">sexually mature<\/a> at five to seven years, and are known to live for around 30 years.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-sadovy2003&#95;11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-sadovy2003-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> They are <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protogynous\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Protogynous\" target=\"_new\">protogynous<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hermaphrodites\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Hermaphrodites\" target=\"_new\">hermaphrodites<\/a>, with some becoming male at about 9 years old. The factors controlling the timing of sex change are not yet known. At certain times of year, adults move to the down-current end of the reef and form local spawning aggregations (groups).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-sadovy2003&#95;11-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-sadovy2003-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> They likely do not travel very far for their spawning aggregations.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-chateau2007&#95;9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-chateau2007-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ichthyoplankton\" title=\"Ichthyoplankton\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">pelagic eggs and larvae<\/a> ultimately settle on or near coral reef habitats. Eggs are 0.65&#160;mm in diameter and spherical, with no pigment.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-sadovy2003&#95;11-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-sadovy2003-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Relation_to_humans\">Relation to humans<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Napoleon_fish,_Blue_Corner,_Palau.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Napoleon_fish%2C_Blue_Corner%2C_Palau.jpg\/250px-Napoleon_fish%2C_Blue_Corner%2C_Palau.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Diving with humphead wrasse; Palau<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Humphead_wrasse_surface.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/95\/Humphead_wrasse_surface.jpg\/330px-Humphead_wrasse_surface.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"253\" height=\"168\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A humphead wrasse at the water's surface on the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Barrier_Reef\" title=\"Great Barrier Reef\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Great Barrier Reef<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" title=\"Philippines\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Philippines<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" title=\"Indonesia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indonesia<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia\" title=\"Malaysia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Malaysia<\/a> are the three largest exporters of the humphead wrasse. It has one of the highest retail values in Asia, especially when caught alive, and it is considered a delicacy in places like Malaysia. Illegal, unregulated, and unreported activities have been identified as the major factor for the failure of conservation efforts. Although the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora has banned its export, the fish are still smuggled across the Malaysia\u2013Philippines border.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-poh2012&#95;19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-poh2012-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Four main factors have allowed illegal, unregulated and unreported activities to persist:   \n<\/p>\n<ol><li>Lack of capacity \u2013 A lack exists of formal procedures and personnel to  monitor fishing activities and enforce fishing regulations<\/li>\n<li>Lack of disincentives \u2013 Fishers do not have alternatives for the humphead wrasse, due to its value, and sanctions for illegal fishing are not harsh enough to discourage them<\/li>\n<li>Weak accountability systems \u2013 Because a number of people are involved in the species's trade, it is difficult to trace its source; and importers and consumers cannot be held responsible for illegal exportation.<\/li>\n<li>Absent domestic trade controls \u2013 Domestic catching, possession, and trade are not sufficiently restricted. Fishers may illegally source the fish or intend to illegally trade it, but cannot be prosecuted if they are in Malaysian waters with appropriate permits.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-poh2012&#95;19-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-poh2012-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ol>\n<p>Most exports of the humphead wrasse in Malaysia occur in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Malaysia\" title=\"East Malaysia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Bornean<\/a> state of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabah\" title=\"Sabah\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sabah<\/a> (in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandakan\" title=\"Sandakan\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sandakan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papar,_Malaysia\" title=\"Papar, Malaysia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Papar<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tawau\" title=\"Tawau\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Tawau<\/a>), where the fish could recently be purchased for between US$45.30 and $69.43, with its retail price ranging from $60.38 to $120.36.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>20<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>21<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Conservation\">Conservation<\/h3><\/div>\n<p>The humphead wrasse is listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endangered_species\" title=\"Endangered species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">endangered<\/a> on the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_list\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"IUCN Red list\" target=\"_new\">IUCN Red list<\/a> and in Appendix II of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CITES\" title=\"CITES\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CITES<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>22<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Its numbers have declined due to multiple threats, including: \n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cheilinus_undulatus_290189240.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/76\/Cheilinus_undulatus_290189240.jpg\/250px-Cheilinus_undulatus_290189240.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Being sold as food<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ol><li>Intensive, species-specific removal by the live reef food-fish trade throughout its core range in Southeast Asia<\/li>\n<li>Destructive fishing techniques, including bombs and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyanide_fishing\" title=\"Cyanide fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">cyanide<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Habitat loss and degradation<\/li>\n<li>Local consumption, and its perception as a delicacy to locals and tourists<\/li>\n<li>A developing export market for juveniles for the marine aquarium trade<\/li>\n<li>Lack of coordinated, consistent national and regional management<\/li>\n<li>Inadequate knowledge of the species<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing\" title=\"Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing<\/a><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-poh2012&#95;19-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-poh2012-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ol>\n<p>Unsustainable and severe <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overfishing\" title=\"Overfishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">overfishing<\/a> within the live reef food fish trade is the primary threat. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabah\" title=\"Sabah\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sabah<\/a>, on Borneo Island, is a major source of humphead wrasses. The fishing industry is vital to this state because of its severe poverty. The export of humphead wrasses out of Sabah has led to a roughly 99% decline in the area's population. In an effort to protect it, export of the humphead wrasse out of Sabah has been banned; however, it has not prevented illegal, unreported and unregulated activities. Protection by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CITES\" title=\"CITES\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CITES<\/a>) is managed in this area by the federal Department of Fisheries Malaysia, which issues permits to regulate fishing activity. Two pieces of legislation have also been implemented to protect the species: The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fisheries_Act_1985\" title=\"Fisheries Act 1985\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Fisheries Act 1985<\/a> controls the transport of live fish and prohibits destructive fishing techniques; and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Trade_in_Endangered_Species_Act_2008\" title=\"International Trade in Endangered Species Act 2008\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">International Trade in Endangered Species Act 2008<\/a> supports Malaysia's adoption of CITES.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-poh2012&#95;19-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-poh2012-19\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>19<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The humphead wrasse has historically been fished commercially in northern <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Australia<\/a>, but has been protected in Queensland since 2003 and in Western Australia since 1998.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">[<i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Humphead_Wrasse_at_Aeon_Okinawa.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Humphead_Wrasse_at_Aeon_Okinawa.jpg\/330px-Humphead_Wrasse_at_Aeon_Okinawa.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"253\" height=\"130\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Humphead wrasse in an aquarium at <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeon_(company)\" title=\"Aeon (company)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Aeon<\/a> mall, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okinawa_Prefecture\" title=\"Okinawa Prefecture\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Okinawa<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In Guangdong Province, southern mainland <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">China<\/a>, permits are required for the sale of the species. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" title=\"Indonesia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indonesia<\/a> allows fishing only for research, mariculture and licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artisanal_fishing\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Artisanal fishing\" target=\"_new\">artisanal fishing<\/a>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" title=\"Maldives\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Maldives<\/a> instituted an export ban in 1995; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papua_New_Guinea\" title=\"Papua New Guinea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Papua New Guinea<\/a> prohibits export of fish over 2&#160;ft (61&#160;cm); and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niue\" title=\"Niue\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Niue<\/a> has banned all fishing for this species.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">[<i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The U.S. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service\" title=\"National Marine Fisheries Service\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">National Marine Fisheries Service<\/a> has classified the humphead wrasse as a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Species_of_concern\" title=\"Species of concern\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">species of concern<\/a>\u2014one about which it has concerns, but for which it has insufficient information to list under the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973\" title=\"Endangered Species Act of 1973\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Endangered Species Act<\/a>.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">[<i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup>\n<\/p><p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan\" title=\"Taiwan\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taiwan<\/a> it is a protected species with fines of between NT$300,000 and $1.5 million and jail sentences of between 6 months and 5 years under the Wildlife Conservation act for hunting or killing of the species having been added to the protection list in 2014.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">[<i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-See_also\">See also<\/h2><\/div>\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_humphead_parrotfish\" title=\"Green humphead parrotfish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Green humphead parrotfish<\/a> (<i>Bolbometopon muricatum<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_animals_with_humps\" title=\"List of animals with humps\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">List of animals with humps<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-References\">References<\/h2><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns reflist-columns-2\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-iucn&#95;status&#95;19&#95;November&#95;2021-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFRussell,&#95;B.2004\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Russell, B.; et&#160;al. (Grouper &amp; Wrasse Specialist Group) (2004). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/4592\/11023949\" target=\"_new\">\"<i>Cheilinus undulatus<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/a><\/i>. <b>2004<\/b> e.T4592A11023949. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T4592A11023949.en\" target=\"_new\">10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T4592A11023949.en<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">19 November<\/span> 2021<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&amp;rft.atitle=Cheilinus+undulatus&amp;rft.volume=2004&amp;rft.artnum=e.T4592A11023949&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T4592A11023949.en&amp;rft.au=Russell%2C+B.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F4592%2F11023949&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cites.org\/eng\/app\/appendices.php\" target=\"_new\">\"Appendices | CITES\"<\/a>. <i>cites.org<\/i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2022-01-14<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=cites.org&amp;rft.atitle=Appendices+%7C+CITES&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fcites.org%2Feng%2Fapp%2Fappendices.php&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-WoRMS-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-WoRMS_3-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-WoRMS_3-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFBailly\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Bailly N (ed.). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1841886\" target=\"_new\">\"Crassilabrus Swainson, 1839\"<\/a>. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a><\/i>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">World Register of Marine Species<\/a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2026-02-26<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FishBase&amp;rft.atitle=Crassilabrus+Swainson%2C+1839&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%2Faphia.php%3Fp%3Dtaxdetails%26id%3D1841886&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFThomas&#95;J.&#95;NearChase&#95;D.&#95;BrownsteinChristine&#95;E.&#95;ThackerPeter&#95;C.&#95;Wainwright2025\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Thomas J. Near; Chase D. Brownstein; Christine E. Thacker; Peter C. Wainwright (16 October 2025). \"Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Wrasses and Parrotfishes (Labridae)\". <i>Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History<\/i>. <b>66<\/b> (2): <span class=\"nowrap\">263\u2013<\/span>338. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3374%2F014.066.0201\" target=\"_new\">10.3374\/014.066.0201<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Peabody+Museum+of+Natural+History&amp;rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+Taxonomy+of+Wrasses+and+Parrotfishes+%28Labridae%29&amp;rft.volume=66&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=263-338&amp;rft.date=2025-10-16&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3374%2F014.066.0201&amp;rft.au=Thomas+J.+Near&amp;rft.au=Chase+D.+Brownstein&amp;rft.au=Christine+E.+Thacker&amp;rft.au=Peter+C.+Wainwright&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-FishBase-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-FishBase_5-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-FishBase_5-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-FishBase_5-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-FishBase_5-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-FishBase_5-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.org\/summary\/5604\" target=\"_new\">\"Cheilinus undulatus R\u00fcppell, 1835 Humphead wrasse\"<\/a>. FishBase<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">25 February<\/span> 2026<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cheilinus+undulatus+R%C3%BCppell%2C+1835+Humphead+wrasse&amp;rft.pub=FishBase&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2F5604&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Westneat, M.W., 2001. <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/009\/x2401e\/x2401e00.htm\" target=\"_new\">Labridae. Wrasses, hogfishes, razorfishes, corises, tuskfishes.<\/a> p. 3381-3467. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. <\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"> Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994. Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific &amp; Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. 0-00-219974-2 (pbk.). <\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bouhlel, M., 1988. Poissons de Djibouti. Placerville (California, USA): RDA International, Inc. 416 p. <\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-chateau2007-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-chateau2007_9-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-chateau2007_9-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFChateau2007\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Chateau, Wantiez (December 2007). \"Site fidelity and activity patterns of a humphead wrasse, <i>Cheilinus undulatus<\/i> (Labridae), as determined by acoustic telemetry\". <i>Environmental Biology of Fishes<\/i>. <b>80<\/b> (4): <span class=\"nowrap\">503\u2013<\/span>508. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2007EnvBF..80..503C\" target=\"_new\">2007EnvBF..80..503C<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs10641-006-9149-6\" target=\"_new\">10.1007\/s10641-006-9149-6<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">S2CID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:12829459\" target=\"_new\">12829459<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&amp;rft.atitle=Site+fidelity+and+activity+patterns+of+a+humphead+wrasse%2C+Cheilinus+undulatus+%28Labridae%29%2C+as+determined+by+acoustic+telemetry&amp;rft.volume=80&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=503-508&amp;rft.date=2007-12&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12829459%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10641-006-9149-6&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007EnvBF..80..503C&amp;rft.aulast=Chateau&amp;rft.aufirst=Wantiez&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-weng2015-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-weng2015_10-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-weng2015_10-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFWengPedersenDel&#95;RayeCaselle2015\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Weng, Kevin C.; Pedersen, Martin W.; Del Raye, Gen A.; Caselle, Jennifer E.; Gray, Andrew E. (April 29, 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/esr2015\/27\/n027p251.pdf\" target=\"_new\">\"Umbrella species in marine systems: using the endangered humphead wrasse to conserve coral reefs\"<\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)<\/span>. <i>Endangered Species Research<\/i>. <b>27<\/b> (1): <span class=\"nowrap\">251\u2013<\/span>263. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354%2Fesr00663\" target=\"_new\">10.3354\/esr00663<\/a><\/span>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISSN<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1613-4796\" target=\"_new\">1613-4796<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Endangered+Species+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Umbrella+species+in+marine+systems%3A+using+the+endangered+humphead+wrasse+to+conserve+coral+reefs&amp;rft.volume=27&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=251-263&amp;rft.date=2015-04-29&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3354%2Fesr00663&amp;rft.issn=1613-4796&amp;rft.aulast=Weng&amp;rft.aufirst=Kevin+C.&amp;rft.au=Pedersen%2C+Martin+W.&amp;rft.au=Del+Raye%2C+Gen+A.&amp;rft.au=Caselle%2C+Jennifer+E.&amp;rft.au=Gray%2C+Andrew+E.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.int-res.com%2Farticles%2Fesr2015%2F27%2Fn027p251.pdf&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-sadovy2003-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-sadovy2003_11-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-sadovy2003_11-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-sadovy2003_11-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-sadovy2003_11-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSadovyKulbickiLabrosseLetourneur2003\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Sadovy, Y.; Kulbicki, M.; Labrosse, P.; Letourneur, Y.; Lokani, P.; Donaldson, T.J. (September 2003). \"The Humphead Wrasse, <i>Cheilinus undulatus<\/i>: synopsis of a threatened and poorly known giant coral reef fish\". <i>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries<\/i>. <b>13<\/b> (3): <span class=\"nowrap\">327\u2013<\/span>364. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2003RFBF...13..327S\" target=\"_new\">2003RFBF...13..327S<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023%2FB%3ARFBF.0000033122.90679.97\" target=\"_new\">10.1023\/B:RFBF.0000033122.90679.97<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">S2CID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:36840221\" target=\"_new\">36840221<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+Fish+Biology+and+Fisheries&amp;rft.atitle=The+Humphead+Wrasse%2C+Cheilinus+undulatus%3A+synopsis+of+a+threatened+and+poorly+known+giant+coral+reef+fish&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=327-364&amp;rft.date=2003-09&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A36840221%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FB%3ARFBF.0000033122.90679.97&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003RFBF...13..327S&amp;rft.aulast=Sadovy&amp;rft.aufirst=Y.&amp;rft.au=Kulbicki%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Labrosse%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Letourneur%2C+Y.&amp;rft.au=Lokani%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Donaldson%2C+T.J.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFX.Z.&#95;QiS.W.&#95;YinJ.&#95;LuoR.&#95;Huo2013\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">X.Z. Qi; S.W. Yin; J. Luo; R. Huo (April 10, 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.funpecrp.com.br\/gmr\/year2013\/vol12-2\/pdf\/gmr2248.pdf\" target=\"_new\">\"Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the humphead wrasse, <i>Cheilinus undulatus<\/i>\"<\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)<\/span>. <i>Genetics and Molecular Research<\/i>. <b>12<\/b> (2): <span class=\"nowrap\">1095\u2013<\/span>1105. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4238%2F2013.April.10.5\" target=\"_new\">10.4238\/2013.April.10.5<\/a><\/span>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISSN<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1676-5680\" target=\"_new\">1676-5680<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23661435\" target=\"_new\">23661435<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genetics+and+Molecular+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Complete+mitochondrial+genome+sequence+of+the+humphead+wrasse%2C+Cheilinus+undulatus&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=1095-1105&amp;rft.date=2013-04-10&amp;rft.issn=1676-5680&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Apmid%2F23661435&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4238%2F2013.April.10.5&amp;rft.au=X.Z.+Qi&amp;rft.au=S.W.+Yin&amp;rft.au=J.+Luo&amp;rft.au=R.+Huo&amp;rft&#95;id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.funpecrp.com.br%2Fgmr%2Fyear2013%2Fvol12-2%2Fpdf%2Fgmr2248.pdf&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFJ.&#95;HuX.P.&#95;ZhuJ.&#95;LuoS.W.&#95;Yin2013\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">J. Hu; X.P. Zhu; J. Luo; S.W. Yin; Y.H. Peng; Y.L. Hu; F. Zhu (July 30, 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.funpecrp.com.br\/gmr\/year2013\/vol12-3\/pdf\/gmr2433.pdf\" target=\"_new\">\"Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in a threatened marine fish, <i>Cheilinus undulatus<\/i> (humphead wrasse)\"<\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)<\/span>. <i>Genetics and Molecular Research<\/i>. <b>12<\/b> (2): <span class=\"nowrap\">2633\u2013<\/span>2636. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4238%2F2013.July.30.2\" target=\"_new\">10.4238\/2013.July.30.2<\/a><\/span>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISSN<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1676-5680\" target=\"_new\">1676-5680<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23979889\" target=\"_new\">23979889<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genetics+and+Molecular+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Development+and+characterization+of+microsatellite+loci+in+a+threatened+marine+fish%2C+Cheilinus+undulatus+%28humphead+wrasse%29&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=2633-2636&amp;rft.date=2013-07-30&amp;rft.issn=1676-5680&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Apmid%2F23979889&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4238%2F2013.July.30.2&amp;rft.au=J.+Hu&amp;rft.au=X.P.+Zhu&amp;rft.au=J.+Luo&amp;rft.au=S.W.+Yin&amp;rft.au=Y.H.+Peng&amp;rft.au=Y.L.+Hu&amp;rft.au=F.+Zhu&amp;rft&#95;id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.funpecrp.com.br%2Fgmr%2Fyear2013%2Fvol12-3%2Fpdf%2Fgmr2433.pdf&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-:2-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_14-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSluka2005\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Sluka, Robert D. (November 2005). \"Humphead Wrasse (<i>Cheilinus Undulatus<\/i>) Abundance and Size Structure Among Coral Reef Habitats in Maldives\". <i>Atoll Research Bulletin<\/i>. <b>538<\/b>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Museum_of_Natural_History\" title=\"National Museum of Natural History\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">National Museum of Natural History<\/a> (Smithsonian Institution): <span class=\"nowrap\">192\u2013<\/span>198. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5479%2Fsi.00775630.538.189\" target=\"_new\">10.5479\/si.00775630.538.189<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Atoll+Research+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=Humphead+Wrasse+%28Cheilinus+Undulatus%29+Abundance+and+Size+Structure+Among+Coral+Reef+Habitats+in+Maldives&amp;rft.volume=538&amp;rft.pages=192-198&amp;rft.date=2005-11&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5479%2Fsi.00775630.538.189&amp;rft.aulast=Sluka&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-tupper2007-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-tupper2007_15-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tupper2007_15-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFTupper2007\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Tupper, Mark (2007). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354%2Fmeps332189\" target=\"_new\">\"Identification of nursery habitats for commercially valuable humphead wrasse <i>Cheilinus undulatus<\/i> and large groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) in Palau\"<\/a>. <i>Marine Ecology Progress Series<\/i>. <b>332<\/b>: <span class=\"nowrap\">189\u2013<\/span>199. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2007MEPS..332..189T\" target=\"_new\">2007MEPS..332..189T<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354%2Fmeps332189\" target=\"_new\">10.3354\/meps332189<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&amp;rft.atitle=Identification+of+nursery+habitats+for+commercially+valuable+humphead+wrasse+Cheilinus+undulatus+and+large+groupers+%28Pisces%3A+Serranidae%29+in+Palau&amp;rft.volume=332&amp;rft.pages=189-199&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3354%2Fmeps332189&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007MEPS..332..189T&amp;rft.aulast=Tupper&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3354%252Fmeps332189&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"> Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. <\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFRandallHeadSanders1978\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Randall, John E.; Head, Stephen M.; Sanders, Adrian P. L. (1978). \"Food habits of the giant humphead wrasse, <i>Cheilinus undulatus<\/i> (Labridae)\". <i>Environmental Biology of Fishes<\/i>. <b>3<\/b> (2): <span class=\"nowrap\">235\u2013<\/span>238. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1978EnvBF...3..235R\" target=\"_new\">1978EnvBF...3..235R<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fbf00691948\" target=\"_new\">10.1007\/bf00691948<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">S2CID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:10744732\" target=\"_new\">10744732<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&amp;rft.atitle=Food+habits+of+the+giant+humphead+wrasse%2C+Cheilinus+undulatus+%28Labridae%29&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=235-238&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10744732%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf00691948&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978EnvBF...3..235R&amp;rft.aulast=Randall&amp;rft.aufirst=John+E.&amp;rft.au=Head%2C+Stephen+M.&amp;rft.au=Sanders%2C+Adrian+P.+L.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFVailManicaBshary2013\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Vail, Alexander L.; Manica, Andrea; Bshary, Redouan (23 Apr 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fncomms2781\" target=\"_new\">\"Referential gestures in fish collaborative hunting\"<\/a>. <i>Nature Communications<\/i>. <b>4<\/b>: 1765. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2013NatCo...4.1765V\" target=\"_new\">2013NatCo...4.1765V<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fncomms2781\" target=\"_new\">10.1038\/ncomms2781<\/a><\/span>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23612306\" target=\"_new\">23612306<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&amp;rft.atitle=Referential+gestures+in+fish+collaborative+hunting&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.pages=1765&amp;rft.date=2013-04-23&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Apmid%2F23612306&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncomms2781&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013NatCo...4.1765V&amp;rft.aulast=Vail&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander+L.&amp;rft.au=Manica%2C+Andrea&amp;rft.au=Bshary%2C+Redouan&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fncomms2781&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-poh2012-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-poh2012_19-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-poh2012_19-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-poh2012_19-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-poh2012_19-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFPohFanning2012\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Poh, Tun-Min; Fanning, Lucia M. (May 2012). \"Tackling illegal, unregulated, and unreported trade towards Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) recovery in Sabah, Malaysia\". <i>Marine Policy<\/i>. <b>36<\/b> (3): <span class=\"nowrap\">696\u2013<\/span>702. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2012MarPo..36..696P\" target=\"_new\">2012MarPo..36..696P<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.marpol.2011.10.011\" target=\"_new\">10.1016\/j.marpol.2011.10.011<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Marine+Policy&amp;rft.atitle=Tackling+illegal%2C+unregulated%2C+and+unreported+trade+towards+Humphead+wrasse+%28Cheilinus+undulatus%29+recovery+in+Sabah%2C+Malaysia&amp;rft.volume=36&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=696-702&amp;rft.date=2012-05&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpol.2011.10.011&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012MarPo..36..696P&amp;rft.aulast=Poh&amp;rft.aufirst=Tun-Min&amp;rft.au=Fanning%2C+Lucia+M.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFChenJustin2009\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Chen, Julia Ng Su; Justin, Spencer Ryan (March 2009). \"Regulating the humphead wrasse (cheilinus undulatus) trade in Sabah, Malaysia\". <i>Ambio<\/i>. <b>38<\/b> (2). Springer: <span class=\"nowrap\">123\u2013<\/span>125. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2009Ambio..38..123C\" target=\"_new\">2009Ambio..38..123C<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1579%2F0044-7447-38.2.122\" target=\"_new\">10.1579\/0044-7447-38.2.122<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"JSTOR (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">JSTOR<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25515818\" target=\"_new\">25515818<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19431947\" target=\"_new\">19431947<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ambio&amp;rft.atitle=Regulating+the+humphead+wrasse+%28cheilinus+undulatus%29+trade+in+Sabah%2C+Malaysia&amp;rft.volume=38&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=123-125&amp;rft.date=2009-03&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1579%2F0044-7447-38.2.122&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Apmid%2F19431947&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25515818%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Ambio..38..123C&amp;rft.aulast=Chen&amp;rft.aufirst=Julia+Ng+Su&amp;rft.au=Justin%2C+Spencer+Ryan&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFenner2014\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Fenner, Douglas (July 15, 2014). \"Fishing down the largest coral reef fish species\". <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin<\/i>. <b>84<\/b> (<span class=\"nowrap\">1\u2013<\/span>2): <span class=\"nowrap\">9\u2013<\/span>16. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2014MarPB..84....9F\" target=\"_new\">2014MarPB..84....9F<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2014.04.049\" target=\"_new\">10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2014.04.049<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24889317\" target=\"_new\">24889317<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=Fishing+down+the+largest+coral+reef+fish+species&amp;rft.volume=84&amp;rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&amp;rft.pages=9-16&amp;rft.date=2014-07-15&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Apmid%2F24889317&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2014.04.049&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014MarPB..84....9F&amp;rft.aulast=Fenner&amp;rft.aufirst=Douglas&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFDorenboschGrolNagelkerkenvan&#95;der&#95;Velde2006\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Dorenbosch, M.; Grol, M.G.G.; Nagelkerken, I.; van der Velde, G. (April 2006). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" data-mw-original-href=\"http:\/\/repository.ubn.ru.nl\/bitstream\/handle\/2066\/27459\/27459.pdf#page=70\" href=\"https:\/\/repository.ubn.ru.nl\/bitstream\/handle\/2066\/27459\/27459.pdf#page=70\" target=\"_new\">\"Seagrass beds and mangroves as potential nurseries for the threatened Indo-Pacific humphead wrasse, <i>Cheilinus undulatusand<\/i> Caribbean rainbow parrotfish, <i>Scarus guacamaia<\/i>\"<\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)<\/span>. <i>Biological Conservation<\/i>. <b>129<\/b> (2): <span class=\"nowrap\">277\u2013<\/span>282. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2006BCons.129..277D\" target=\"_new\">2006BCons.129..277D<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2005.10.032\" target=\"_new\">10.1016\/j.biocon.2005.10.032<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&amp;rft.atitle=Seagrass+beds+and+mangroves+as+potential+nurseries+for+the+threatened+Indo-Pacific+humphead+wrasse%2C+Cheilinus+undulatusand+Caribbean+rainbow+parrotfish%2C+Scarus+guacamaia&amp;rft.volume=129&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=277-282&amp;rft.date=2006-04&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2005.10.032&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006BCons.129..277D&amp;rft.aulast=Dorenbosch&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.au=Grol%2C+M.G.G.&amp;rft.au=Nagelkerken%2C+I.&amp;rft.au=van+der+Velde%2C+G.&amp;rft&#95;id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.ubn.ru.nl%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2066%2F27459%2F27459.pdf%23page%3D70&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Further_reading\">Further reading<\/h2><\/div>\n<ul><li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite class=\"citation report cs1\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.environment.gov.au\/system\/files\/pages\/07d6760e-6ab4-4678-8a64-108dd8d0751d\/files\/humphead-maori-wrasse.pdf\" target=\"_new\">Management of Humphead Maori Wrasse (<i>Cheilinus undulatus<\/i>) in the Coral Sea Fishery<\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)<\/span> (Report). Australian Fisheries Management Authority.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Management+of+Humphead+Maori+Wrasse+%28Cheilinus+undulatus%29+in+the+Coral+Sea+Fishery&amp;rft.pub=Australian+Fisheries+Management+Authority&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fpages%2F07d6760e-6ab4-4678-8a64-108dd8d0751d%2Ffiles%2Fhumphead-maori-wrasse.pdf&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-External_links\">External links<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1314755338\" \/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1311551236\" \/>\n<ul><li><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230000000000\/http:\/\/www.eol.org\/pages\/46571891\" target=\"_new\">\"<i>Humphead wrasse<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclopedia_of_Life\" title=\"Encyclopedia of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Encyclopedia of Life<\/a><\/i>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Life&amp;rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EHumphead+wrasse%3C%2Fi%3E&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20230000000000%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.eol.org%2Fpages%2F46571891&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumphead+wrasse\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span> <span class=\"mw-valign-text-top noprint\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Frameless\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q179377#P830\" title=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080309182632\/http:\/\/www.arkive.org\/species\/GES\/fish\/Cheilinus_undulates\/more_info.html\" target=\"_new\">Biological information on the above fish<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20040817190106\/http:\/\/www.wwf.org.hk\/eng\/conservation\/spe_cons\/napoleon_wrasse\/\" target=\"_new\">WWF site <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20040825095144\/http:\/\/www.humpheadwrasse.info\/page\/state.html\" target=\"_new\">The Humphead Wrasse is a Threatened Reef Fish<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Photos of <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sealifecollection.org\/taxon\/218945\" target=\"_new\">Humphead wrasse<\/a> in the Sealife Collection<\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Taxon&#95;identifiers3339\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"rdp-we-Taxon&#95;identifiers3339\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Taxon_identifiers\" title=\"Help:Taxon identifiers\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taxon identifiers<\/a><\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Cheilinus undulatus<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q179377\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikidata:Q179377\" target=\"_new\">Q179377<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikispecies\" title=\"Wikispecies\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikispecies<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a href=\"https:\/\/species.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Cheilinus_undulatus\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikispecies:Cheilinus undulatus\" target=\"_new\">Cheilinus undulatus<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_Diversity_Web\" title=\"Animal Diversity Web\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ADW<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/animaldiversity.org\/accounts\/Cheilinus_undulatus\/\" target=\"_new\">Cheilinus_undulatus<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Faunal_Directory\" title=\"Australian Faunal Directory\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">AFD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/biodiversity.org.au\/afd\/taxa\/Cheilinus_undulatus\" target=\"_new\">Cheilinus_undulatus<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System\" title=\"Barcode of Life Data System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">BOLD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bench.boldsystems.org\/index.php\/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=21154\" target=\"_new\">21154<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalogue_of_Life\" title=\"Catalogue of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/TRTD\" target=\"_new\">TRTD<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclopedia_of_Life\" title=\"Encyclopedia of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">EoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/eol.org\/pages\/46571891\" target=\"_new\">46571891<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.ca\/summary\/5604\" target=\"_new\">5604<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/2383313\" target=\"_new\">2383313<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INaturalist\" title=\"INaturalist\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">iNaturalist<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/inaturalist.org\/taxa\/82355\" target=\"_new\">82355<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera\" title=\"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IRMNG<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10824333\" target=\"_new\">10824333<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System\" title=\"Integrated Taxonomic Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ITIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itis.gov\/servlet\/SingleRpt\/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=170619\" target=\"_new\">170619<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/details\/4592\/0\" target=\"_new\">4592<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information\" title=\"National Center for Biotechnology Information\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">NCBI<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=241271\" target=\"_new\">241271<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Observation.org\" title=\"Observation.org\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Observation.org<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/observation.org\/species\/79537\/\" target=\"_new\">79537<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System\" title=\"Ocean Biodiversity Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">OBIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/obis.org\/taxon\/218945\" target=\"_new\">218945<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Tree_of_Life\" title=\"Open Tree of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Open Tree of Life<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/tree.opentreeoflife.org\/taxonomy\/browse?id=195578\" target=\"_new\">195578<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CITES\" title=\"CITES\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Species+<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/speciesplus.net\/#\/taxon_concepts\/10242\" target=\"_new\">10242<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"zh:\u81fa\u7063\u7269\u7a2e\u540d\u9304\" target=\"_new\">TaiCOL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/taicol.tw\/taxon\/t0030361\" target=\"_new\">t0030361<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">WoRMS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218945\" target=\"_new\">218945<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064\" \/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1353707246\" \/><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox authority-control\" aria-label=\"Navbox396\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control\" title=\"Help:Authority control\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Authority control databases<\/a>: National <span class=\"mw-valign-text-top noprint\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Frameless\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q179377#identifiers\" title=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Edit this at Wikidata\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><ul><li><span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/datos.bne.es\/resource\/XX5045314\" target=\"_new\">Spain<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw\u2010web.codfw.main\u201059c5c74476\u2010p5nll\nCached time: 20260603161154\nCache expiry: 2592000\nCache expiry source: Module:Cite_IUCN (os.date(%Y))\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [vary\u2010revision\u2010sha1, prevent\u2010selective\u2010update, show\u2010toc]\nCPU time usage: 0.798 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.973 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 9704\/1000000\nRevision size: 21142\/2097152 bytes\nPost\u2010expand include size: 103303\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 12536\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 21\/100\nExpensive parser function count: 27\/500\nUnstrip recursion depth: 1\/20\nUnstrip post\u2010expand size: 98151\/5000000 bytes\nLua time usage: 0.555\/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 11620348\/52428800 bytes\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 19\/500\n-->\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%  889.137      1 -total\n 29.80%  264.934      1 Template:Speciesbox\n 28.37%  252.277      1 Template:Taxobox\/core\n 19.21%  170.762      1 Template:Reflist\n 19.07%  169.534      1 Template:Taxonbar\n  7.80%   69.392      1 Template:Cite_iucn\n  6.93%   61.626     14 Template:Cite_journal\n  6.25%   55.562      1 Template:Short_description\n  4.59%   40.845      4 Template:Citation_needed\n  4.25%   37.808      2 Template:Sister_project\n-->\n\n<!-- Render ID efd1ccc1-5f66-11f1-82f5-25a1801b7192 -->\n\n<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:980126:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20260603161154 and revision id 1357409899. Rendering was triggered because: page_view\n -->\n<\/div><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\"><\/noscript>\n<div class=\"printfooter\" data-nosnippet=\"\">source:  <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphead_wrasse\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphead_wrasse<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/main>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-footer-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div> \n<div class=\"vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-header\" class=\"vector-sticky-header\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-start\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Search<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div role=\"search\" class=\"vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-typeahead-search-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<form action=\"\/w\/index.php\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-search-form\" class=\"cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"cdx-search-input__input-wrapper\"  data-search-loc=\"header-moved\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"cdx-text-input__input mw-searchInput\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttype=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search Wikipedia\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button\">Search<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-context-bar\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-header-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left\"  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\"  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-header-toc-label\" for=\"vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Humphead wrasse<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-talk-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"talk-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-subject-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"subject-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-history-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"history-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-watchstar-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"watch-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-edit-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"wikitext-edit-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-ve-edit-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ve-edit-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-viewsource-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ve-edit-protected-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language\"><\/span>\n\n<span>30 languages<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-addsection-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"addsection-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Add topic<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icon-end\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-user-links\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet\" id=\"rdp-we-p-dock-bottom\">\n\t<ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><!-- #rdp-we-main -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Genus<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Cheilinus<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Species<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">undulatus<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1218,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[28],"product_tag":[193,195,194,196],"class_list":{"0":"post-211","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-fish","7":"product_tag-maori-wrasse","8":"product_tag-napoleon-fish","9":"product_tag-napoleon-wrasse","10":"product_tag-napoleonfish","12":"first","13":"instock","14":"shipping-taxable","15":"product-type-simple"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Humphead wrasse - Moalboal Reef Species<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A comprehensive online checklist of reef flora and fauna known to be present in the Moalboal reef ecosystem.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Humphead wrasse - Moalboal Reef Species\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A comprehensive online checklist of reef flora and fauna known to be present in the Moalboal reef ecosystem.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Moalboal Reef Species\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-06T11:17:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Humphead_wrasse-temp.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/\",\"name\":\"Humphead wrasse - Moalboal Reef Species\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Humphead_wrasse-temp.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-28T03:57:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-06T11:17:42+00:00\",\"description\":\"A comprehensive online checklist of reef flora and fauna known to be present in the Moalboal reef ecosystem.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Humphead_wrasse-temp.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Humphead_wrasse-temp.jpg\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":720},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Reef Species\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/reef-species\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Humphead wrasse\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/\",\"name\":\"Moalboal Reef Species\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Moalboal Reef Species\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/logo-1.png\",\"width\":363,\"height\":146,\"caption\":\"Moalboal Reef Species\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Humphead wrasse - Moalboal Reef Species","description":"A comprehensive online checklist of reef flora and fauna known to be present in the Moalboal reef ecosystem.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Humphead wrasse - Moalboal Reef Species","og_description":"A comprehensive online checklist of reef flora and fauna known to be present in the Moalboal reef ecosystem.","og_url":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/","og_site_name":"Moalboal Reef Species","article_modified_time":"2020-07-06T11:17:42+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1080,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Humphead_wrasse-temp.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/","url":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/","name":"Humphead wrasse - Moalboal Reef Species","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Humphead_wrasse-temp.jpg","datePublished":"2019-10-28T03:57:23+00:00","dateModified":"2020-07-06T11:17:42+00:00","description":"A comprehensive online checklist of reef flora and fauna known to be present in the Moalboal reef ecosystem.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Humphead_wrasse-temp.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Humphead_wrasse-temp.jpg","width":1080,"height":720},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/humphead-wrasse\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Reef Species","item":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/reef-species\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Humphead wrasse"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#website","url":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/","name":"Moalboal Reef Species","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#organization","name":"Moalboal Reef Species","url":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/logo-1.png","width":363,"height":146,"caption":"Moalboal Reef Species"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=211"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=211"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=211"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}