{"id":144,"date":"2019-10-21T04:04:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-21T04:04:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pavclients.com\/moalboal\/?post_type=product&#038;p=144"},"modified":"2020-06-08T05:08:01","modified_gmt":"2020-06-08T05:08:01","slug":"round-ribbontail-ray","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/round-ribbontail-ray\/","title":{"rendered":"Round ribbontail ray"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdp-we-main\" data-resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Round_ribbontail_ray\">\n<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-aria-live-region\" class=\"mw-aria-live-region\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vector-header-container\">\n\t<header class=\"vector-header mw-header no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-start\">\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Site\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right\"  title=\"Main menu\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Main menu\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Main menu<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu\" class=\"vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"main-menu-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-main-menu\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Main menu<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-navigation\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tNavigation\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-mainpage-description\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" title=\"Visit the main page [z]\" accesskey=\"z\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Main page<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\" title=\"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contents<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-currentevents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events\" title=\"Articles related to current events\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Current events<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-randompage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Random article<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-aboutsite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>About Wikipedia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contactpage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us\" title=\"How to contact Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contact us<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-interaction\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tContribute\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-help\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents\" title=\"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Help<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-introduction\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction\" title=\"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Learn to edit<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-portal\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal\" title=\"The hub for editors\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Community portal<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-recentchanges\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Recent changes<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard\" title=\"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Upload file<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-specialpages\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Special pages<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" class=\"mw-logo wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-icon\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"50\" width=\"50\">\n\t<span class=\"mw-logo-container skin-invert\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-wordmark\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 1.375em;\">\n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-tagline\" alt=\"The Free Encyclopedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg\" width=\"140\" height=\"11\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 0.6875em;\">\n\t<\/span>\n<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-end\">\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-search\" role=\"search\" class=\"vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box\">\n\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Search<\/span>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"vector-typeahead-search-container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width\">\n\t\t\t<form action=\"\/w\/index.php\" id=\"rdp-we-searchform\" class=\"cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-simpleSearch\" class=\"cdx-search-input__input-wrapper\"  data-search-loc=\"header-moved\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"cdx-text-input__input mw-searchInput\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t type=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search Wikipedia\" aria-label=\"Search Wikipedia\" autocapitalize=\"none\" spellcheck=\"false\" title=\"Search Wikipedia [f]\" accesskey=\"f\" id=\"rdp-we-searchInput\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button\">Search<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide\" aria-label=\"Personal tools\">\n\t<div class=\"vector-user-links-main\">\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-preferences\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-userpage\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown\"  title=\"Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Appearance\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Appearance<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/nav>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-notifications\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-overflow\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" data-mw-donate-attempt=\"top_link\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out vector-user-links-dropdown--collapsible user-links-collapsible-item\"  title=\"Log in and more options\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Personal tools\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Personal tools<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal\"  title=\"User menu\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" data-mw-donate-attempt=\"top_link\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-heart mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-heart\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/nav>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-page-container\">\n\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-start\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-container\">\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc\" aria-label=\"Contents\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents<\/h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Taxonomy_and_phylogeny\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Taxonomy_and_phylogeny\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Taxonomy and phylogeny<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Taxonomy_and_phylogeny-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Etymology\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Etymology\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Etymology<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Etymology-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Description<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Distribution_and_habitat\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Distribution_and_habitat\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Distribution and habitat<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology_and_ecology\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Biology_and_ecology\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Biology and ecology<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology_and_ecology-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Human_interactions\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Human_interactions\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Human interactions<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Human_interactions-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-References\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#References\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>References<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>External links<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"rdp-we-content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\"  title=\"Table of Contents\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\" aria-label=\"Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-label\" for=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">19 languages<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waaierpylstert\" title=\"Waaierpylstert \u2013 Afrikaans\" lang=\"af\" hreflang=\"af\" data-title=\"Waaierpylstert\" data-language-autonym=\"Afrikaans\" data-language-local-name=\"Afrikaans\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Afrikaans<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniura_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniura meyeni \u2013 Bulgarian\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" data-title=\"Taeniura meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\" data-language-local-name=\"Bulgarian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniura_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniura meyeni \u2013 Catalan\" lang=\"ca\" hreflang=\"ca\" data-title=\"Taeniura meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"Catal\u00e0\" data-language-local-name=\"Catalan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Catal\u00e0<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniurops_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniurops meyeni \u2013 Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" data-title=\"Taeniurops meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"Cebuano\" data-language-local-name=\"Cebuano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Cebuano<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniurops_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniurops meyeni \u2013 Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" data-title=\"Taeniurops meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"Espa\u00f1ol\" data-language-local-name=\"Spanish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniura_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniura meyeni \u2013 Basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" data-title=\"Taeniura meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"Euskara\" data-language-local-name=\"Basque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Euskara<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raie_%C3%A0_taches_noires\" title=\"Raie \u00e0 taches noires \u2013 French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" data-title=\"Raie \u00e0 taches noires\" data-language-autonym=\"Fran\u00e7ais\" data-language-local-name=\"French\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA\" title=\"\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8-\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u2013 Hebrew\" lang=\"he\" hreflang=\"he\" data-title=\"\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8-\u05e0\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea\" data-language-autonym=\"\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\" data-language-local-name=\"Hebrew\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniurops_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniurops meyeni \u2013 Hungarian\" lang=\"hu\" hreflang=\"hu\" data-title=\"Taeniurops meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"Magyar\" data-language-local-name=\"Hungarian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Magyar<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniura_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniura meyeni \u2013 Italian\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" data-title=\"Taeniura meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"Italiano\" data-language-local-name=\"Italian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Italiano<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%80%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4\" title=\"\u30de\u30c0\u30e9\u30a8\u30a4 \u2013 Japanese\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" data-title=\"\u30de\u30c0\u30e9\u30a8\u30a4\" data-language-autonym=\"\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\" data-language-local-name=\"Japanese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gespikkelde_waaierstaartpijlstaartrog\" title=\"Gespikkelde waaierstaartpijlstaartrog \u2013 Dutch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" data-title=\"Gespikkelde waaierstaartpijlstaartrog\" data-language-autonym=\"Nederlands\" data-language-local-name=\"Dutch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Nederlands<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniurops_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniurops meyeni \u2013 Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Taeniurops meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"Portugu\u00eas\" data-language-local-name=\"Portuguese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Portugu\u00eas<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"recommended article\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniura_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniura meyeni \u2013 Russian\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" data-title=\"Taeniura meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\" data-language-local-name=\"Russian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marmorrocka\" title=\"Marmorrocka \u2013 Swedish\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" data-title=\"Marmorrocka\" data-language-autonym=\"Svenska\" data-language-local-name=\"Swedish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Svenska<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3\" title=\"\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e14\u0e33 \u2013 Thai\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" data-title=\"\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e14\u0e33\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\" data-language-local-name=\"Thai\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniura_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniura meyeni \u2013 Vietnamese\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" data-title=\"Taeniura meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\" data-language-local-name=\"Vietnamese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/war.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniura_meyeni\" title=\"Taeniura meyeni \u2013 Waray\" lang=\"war\" hreflang=\"war\" data-title=\"Taeniura meyeni\" data-language-autonym=\"Winaray\" data-language-local-name=\"Waray\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Winaray<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%91%E6%96%91%E6%9D%A1%E5%B0%BE%E9%AD%9F\" title=\"\u9ed1\u6591\u6761\u5c3e\u9b5f \u2013 Chinese\" lang=\"zh\" hreflang=\"zh\" data-title=\"\u9ed1\u6591\u6761\u5c3e\u9b5f\" data-language-autonym=\"\u4e2d\u6587\" data-language-local-name=\"Chinese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\">Edit links<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-left-navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Namespaces\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-associated-pages\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-nstab-main\" class=\"selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Round_ribbontail_ray\" title=\"View the content page [c]\" accesskey=\"c\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Article<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-ca-talk\" class=\"vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Round_ribbontail_ray\" rel=\"discussion\" title=\"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\" accesskey=\"t\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Talk<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\" aria-label=\"Change language variant\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-variants-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">English<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-variants\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-right-navigation\" class=\"vector-collapsible\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Views\">\n\t\t\t    \n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-views\" class=\"vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-view\" class=\"selected mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible vector-tab-noicon\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Round_ribbontail_ray\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Read<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-edit\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible vector-tab-noicon\">\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-history\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible vector-tab-noicon\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Round_ribbontail_ray&action=history\" title=\"Past revisions of this page [h]\" accesskey=\"h\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>View history<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Page tools\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Tools\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Tools<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools\" class=\"vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"page-tools-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-page-tools\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-page-tools-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Tools<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-cactions\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tActions\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-more-view\" class=\"selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Round_ribbontail_ray\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-eye mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-eye\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Read<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-more-edit\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\">\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-ca-more-history\" class=\"vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Round_ribbontail_ray&action=history\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history\"><\/span>\n\n<span>View history<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-tb\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tGeneral\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-t-whatlinkshere\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>What links here<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-recentchangeslinked\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Related changes<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard\" title=\"Upload files [u]\" accesskey=\"u\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Upload file<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-permalink\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Round_ribbontail_ray&oldid=1358599738\" title=\"Permanent link to this revision of this page\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Permanent link<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-info\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Round_ribbontail_ray&action=info\" title=\"More information about this page\" 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item<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-end no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp25eastereggs-vector-sitenotice-landmark\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Page tools\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance\" class=\"vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"appearance-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-appearance\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Appearance<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-subjectpageheader\">\n<\/div><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Species of stingray<\/div>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n<\/p>\n\n<p>The <b>round ribbontail ray<\/b>, <b>blotched fantail ray<\/b>, <b>marble ray<\/b>, or <b>marbled ray<\/b> (<i>Taeniurops meyeni<\/i>) is a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Species\" title=\"Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">species<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Myliobatiformes\" title=\"Myliobatiformes\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">stingray<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Family_(taxonomy)\" title=\"Family (taxonomy)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">family<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dasyatidae\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Dasyatidae\" target=\"_new\">Dasyatidae<\/a>, found throughout the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Littoral_zone\" title=\"Littoral zone\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">nearshore<\/a> waters of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tropical\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Tropical\" target=\"_new\">tropical<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-Pacific\" title=\"Indo-Pacific\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indo-Pacific<\/a>, as well as off islands in the eastern <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Pacific\" target=\"_new\">Pacific<\/a>. It is a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benthic\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Benthic\" target=\"_new\">bottom-dwelling<\/a> inhabitant of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagoon\" title=\"Lagoon\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">lagoons<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estuaries\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Estuaries\" target=\"_new\">estuaries<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reef\" title=\"Reef\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">reefs<\/a>, generally at a depth of 20\u201360&#160;m (66\u2013197&#160;ft). Reaching 1.8&#160;m (5.9&#160;ft) across, this large ray is characterized by a thick, rounded <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pectoral_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Pectoral fin\" target=\"_new\">pectoral fin<\/a> disc covered by small <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tubercle\" title=\"Tubercle\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">tubercles<\/a> on top, and a relatively short tail bearing a deep ventral fin fold. In addition, it has a variable but distinctive light and dark mottled pattern on its upper surface, and a black tail.\n<\/p><p>Generally <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nocturnal\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Nocturnal\" target=\"_new\">nocturnal<\/a>, the round ribbontail ray can be solitary or gregarious, and is an active <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Predator\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Predator\" target=\"_new\">predator<\/a> of small, benthic <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mollusc\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Mollusc\" target=\"_new\">molluscs<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crustacean\" title=\"Crustacean\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">crustaceans<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bony_fish\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bony fish\" target=\"_new\">bony fishes<\/a>. It is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aplacental_viviparous\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Aplacental viviparous\" target=\"_new\">aplacental viviparous<\/a>, with the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embryo\" title=\"Embryo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">embryos<\/a> sustained by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yolk\" title=\"Yolk\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">yolk<\/a>, and later histotroph (\"uterine milk\") secreted by the mother; up to seven pups are born at a time. Although not aggressive, if provoked the round ribbontail ray will defend itself with its <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venom\" title=\"Venom\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">venomous<\/a> tail spine, and it has been responsible for at least one fatality. It is valued by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecotourism\" title=\"Ecotourism\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ecotourist<\/a> divers and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recreational_fishing\" title=\"Recreational fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">recreational anglers<\/a>. This slow-reproducing species is threatened by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commercial_fishing\" title=\"Commercial fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">commercial fishing<\/a>, both targeted and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bycatch\" title=\"Bycatch\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bycatch<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Habitat_degradation\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Habitat degradation\" target=\"_new\">habitat degradation<\/a> across much of its range. As a result, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature\" title=\"International Union for Conservation of Nature\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">International Union for Conservation of Nature<\/a> (IUCN) has assessed it as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vulnerable_species\" title=\"Vulnerable species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Vulnerable<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp\/toc\" \/>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Taxonomy_and_phylogeny\">Taxonomy and phylogeny<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>As <i>Taeniurops meyeni<\/i>, the round ribbontail ray was described by German biologists <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller\" title=\"Johannes Peter M\u00fcller\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Johannes Peter M\u00fcller<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedrich_Gustav_Jakob_Henle\" title=\"Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle<\/a> in their 1841 <i>Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen<\/i>, based on two <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syntype\" title=\"Syntype\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">syntypes<\/a> collected from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mauritius\" title=\"Mauritius\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Mauritius<\/a>. However, this species is better known under the name <i>Taeniura melanospilos<\/i>, which was applied by Dutch <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ichthyologist\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Ichthyologist\" target=\"_new\">ichthyologist<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pieter_Bleeker\" title=\"Pieter Bleeker\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pieter Bleeker<\/a> to a juvenile specimen from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Java\" title=\"Java\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Java<\/a>, in a 1953 volume of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scientific_journal\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Scientific journal\" target=\"_new\">scientific journal<\/a> <i>Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indi\u00eb<\/i>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-cas&#95;2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-cas-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-bester&#95;3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bester-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Other <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_name\" title=\"Common name\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">common names<\/a> for the round ribbontail ray include black spotted ray, black-blotched stingray, black-spotted stingray, fantail ray, fantail stingray, giant reef ray and speckled stingray.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-fishbase&#95;4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-fishbase-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> In <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Australia<\/a>, it is one of several species referred to as \"<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bull_ray_(disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-disambig wiki-link\" title=\"Bull ray (disambiguation)\" target=\"_new\">bull ray<\/a>\".<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-julianrocks&#95;5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-julianrocks-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> A minority of authors place this species with the river stingrays in the family <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potamotrygonidae\" title=\"Potamotrygonidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Potamotrygonidae<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;1-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Preliminary <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morphology_(biology)\" title=\"Morphology (biology)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">morphological<\/a> examination has suggested that the round ribbontail ray is more related to <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dasyatis\" title=\"Dasyatis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Dasyatis<\/a><\/i> and Indo-Pacific <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Himantura\" title=\"Himantura\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Himantura<\/a><\/i> than to the congeneric <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bluespotted_ribbontail_ray\" title=\"Bluespotted ribbontail ray\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bluespotted ribbontail ray<\/a> (<i>Taeniura lymma<\/i>), which is closer to the amphi-American <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Styracura\" title=\"Styracura\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Styracura<\/a><\/i> (<i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_chupare\" title=\"Pacific chupare\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">S. pacifica<\/a><\/i> and <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chupare_stingray\" title=\"Chupare stingray\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">S. schmardae<\/a><\/i>) and the river stingrays.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-lovejoy&#95;6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-lovejoy-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Etymology\">Etymology<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>The ray is named in honor of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franz_Julius_Ferdinand_Meyen\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen\" target=\"_new\">Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen<\/a> (1804\u20131840), a physician and a botanist, who  collected or supplied the type specimens.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-ETYFish&#95;7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ETYFish-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Description\">Description<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Taeniura_meyeni_mirihi.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Overhead view of a stingray on a reef, showing its nearly circular shape\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f2\/Taeniura_meyeni_mirihi.jpg\/330px-Taeniura_meyeni_mirihi.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"187\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1.2\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Characteristic features of the round ribbontail ray are its rounded, thick disc and mottled coloration.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The round ribbontail ray has a thick <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pectoral_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Pectoral fin\" target=\"_new\">pectoral fin<\/a> disc wider than it is long, with a smoothly rounded outer margin. The eyes are of medium size and are followed by larger <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiracle_(vertebrates)\" title=\"Spiracle (vertebrates)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">spiracles<\/a>. There is a short and broad curtain of skin between the oval <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nostril\" title=\"Nostril\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">nostrils<\/a>, with a finely fringed trailing margin. The mouth is wide and curved, with faint furrows at the corners. There is a row of seven <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papilla_(fish_mouth_structure)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Papilla (fish mouth structure)\" target=\"_new\">papillae<\/a> on the floor, with the outermost pair smaller and set apart from the others.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-last&#95;and&#95;stevens&#95;8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-last_and_stevens-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> There are 37\u201346 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 39\u201345 tooth rows in the lower jaw.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-smith&#95;et&#95;al&#95;9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-smith_et_al-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The teeth are small with a deep groove across the crown and are arranged in a dense <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quincunx\" title=\"Quincunx\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">quincunx<\/a> pattern into flattened surfaces.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-grove&#95;and&#95;lavenberg&#95;10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-grove_and_lavenberg-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pelvic_fin\" title=\"Pelvic fin\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">pelvic fins<\/a> are small and narrow.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-last&#95;and&#95;stevens&#95;8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-last_and_stevens-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The tail is relatively short, not exceeding the width of the disc, and bears one (rarely two) long, serrated stinging spine on the upper surface. The base of the tail is broad; past the spine, the tail rapidly thins, and bears a deep ventral fin fold that runs to the tail tip.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-last&#95;and&#95;stevens&#95;8-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-last_and_stevens-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The upper surface of the disc and tail are roughened by a uniform covering of small, widely spaced granules. There is also a midline row of sharp tubercles on the back, with two shorter rows alongside. The first of these tubercles develop at a length of around 46&#160;cm (18&#160;in), over the \"shoulders\" and in the single midline row.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-grove&#95;and&#95;lavenberg&#95;10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-grove_and_lavenberg-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The dorsal coloration is light to dark gray, brown-gray, or purplish, becoming most intense towards the fin margins, with a highly variable pattern of irregular darker mottling and white speckles or streaks. The tail past the spine, including the fin fold, is uniformly black, while the underside is creamy-white with darker fin margins and additional dots. Young rays are more plain in coloration than adults.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-grove&#95;and&#95;lavenberg&#95;10-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-grove_and_lavenberg-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-ferrari&#95;11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ferrari-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> One of the largest stingray species, the round ribbontail ray can grow to 1.8&#160;m (5.9&#160;ft) across, 3.3&#160;m (11&#160;ft) long, and 150&#160;kg (330&#160;lb) in weight.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-bester&#95;3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bester-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Distribution_and_habitat\">Distribution and habitat<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Taeniura_meyeni_at_maldives.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A stingray swimming over coral rubble and sand\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/89\/Taeniura_meyeni_at_maldives.jpg\/250px-Taeniura_meyeni_at_maldives.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The round ribbontail ray frequents sandy patches near coral reefs.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The round ribbontail ray has a wide distribution in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-Pacific\" title=\"Indo-Pacific\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indo-Pacific<\/a> region: it is found from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KwaZulu-Natal\" title=\"KwaZulu-Natal\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">KwaZulu-Natal<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">South Africa<\/a> northward along the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Africa\" title=\"East Africa\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">East African<\/a> coast to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Sea\" title=\"Red Sea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Red Sea<\/a>, including <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madagascar\" title=\"Madagascar\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Madagascar<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mascarenes\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Mascarenes\" target=\"_new\">Mascarenes<\/a>; from there, its range extends eastward through the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_subcontinent\" title=\"Indian subcontinent\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indian subcontinent<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southeast_Asia\" title=\"Southeast Asia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Southeast Asia<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Micronesia\" title=\"Micronesia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Micronesia<\/a>, occurring as far north as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea\" title=\"Korea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Korea<\/a> and southern <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" title=\"Japan\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Japan<\/a>, and as far south as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Australia<\/a>, where it is found from at least <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ningaloo_Reef\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Ningaloo Reef\" target=\"_new\">Ningaloo Reef<\/a> off <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Australia\" title=\"Western Australia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Western Australia<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stradbroke_Island\" title=\"Stradbroke Island\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Stradbroke Island<\/a> off <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queensland\" title=\"Queensland\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Queensland<\/a>, including <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lord_Howe_Island\" title=\"Lord Howe Island\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Lord Howe Island<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-last&#95;and&#95;stevens&#95;8-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-last_and_stevens-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> In the easternmost portion of its range, it has been reported from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cocos_Island\" title=\"Cocos Island\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Cocos Island<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands\" title=\"Gal\u00e1pagos Islands\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Gal\u00e1pagos Islands<\/a>, with individuals possibly dispersing as far as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_America\" title=\"Central America\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Central America<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-fishbase&#95;4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-fishbase-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benthic_fish\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Benthic fish\" target=\"_new\">Bottom-dwelling<\/a> in nature, the round ribbontail ray is typically found close to shore at a depth of 20\u201360&#160;m (66\u2013197&#160;ft), though it has been reported anywhere from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surf_zone\" title=\"Surf zone\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">surf zone<\/a> to a depth of 439&#160;m (1,440&#160;ft).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;1-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-fishbase&#95;4-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-fishbase-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> It favors sand or rubble bottoms in shallow <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagoon\" title=\"Lagoon\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">lagoons<\/a> or near <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coral\" title=\"Coral\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">coral<\/a> and rocky <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reef\" title=\"Reef\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">reefs<\/a>, and may also enter <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estuaries\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Estuaries\" target=\"_new\">estuaries<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-grove&#95;and&#95;lavenberg&#95;10-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-grove_and_lavenberg-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-michael&#95;12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-michael-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Biology_and_ecology\">Biology and ecology<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Taeniura_meyeni_reef.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Side view of a stingray resting on a patch of sand beneath a coral ledge\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/Taeniura_meyeni_reef.jpg\/330px-Taeniura_meyeni_reef.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1.2\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The round ribbontail ray is relatively inactive during the day, often resting on sand near reef structures.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The round ribbontail ray has <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nocturnal\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Nocturnal\" target=\"_new\">nocturnal<\/a> habits and rests motionless for much of the day, often near vertical structures, in caves, or under ledges.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-ferrari&#95;11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ferrari-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> It may be solitary, or form small to large groups. This ray is frequently shadowed by one or more <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carangidae\" title=\"Carangidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">jacks<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cobia\" title=\"Cobia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">cobia<\/a> (<i>Rachycentron canadum<\/i>); these smaller fishes may feed on food stirred up by the ray's activities, or use the ray's body as cover for approaching their own prey.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-michael&#95;12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-michael-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The round ribbontail ray hunts for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bivalve\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bivalve\" target=\"_new\">bivalves<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crab\" title=\"Crab\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">crabs<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shrimp\" title=\"Shrimp\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">shrimps<\/a>, and small <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bony_fish\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bony fish\" target=\"_new\">bony fishes<\/a> on the bottom.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-ferrari&#95;11-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ferrari-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> When feeding, it adopts a characteristic posture in which it presses the margin of its disc against the bottom and takes in water through its spiracles, which it blows through its mouth to uncover prey buried in the sediment.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-hennemann&#95;13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-hennemann-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> This species may fall prey to larger fishes such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark\" title=\"Shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">sharks<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marine_mammal\" title=\"Marine mammal\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">marine mammals<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-bester&#95;3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bester-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> When threatened, it raises its tail over its back so that the spine faces forward, and waves it back and forth.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-ferrari&#95;11-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ferrari-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Known <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parasite\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Parasite\" target=\"_new\">parasites<\/a> of this species include the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monogenea\" title=\"Monogenea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">monogenean<\/a> <i><\/i>,<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-timofeeva&#95;14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-timofeeva-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <i><\/i>,<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-chisholm&#95;and&#95;whittington&#95;15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-chisholm_and_whittington-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <i><\/i> and <i><\/i>,<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-whittington&#95;and&#95;kearn&#95;16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-whittington_and_kearn-16\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nematode\" title=\"Nematode\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">nematode<\/a> <i><\/i>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-deardorff&#95;and&#95;ko&#95;17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-deardorff_and_ko-17\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>17<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Little information is available on the life history of the round ribbontail ray. Like other stingrays, it is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aplacental_viviparous\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Aplacental viviparous\" target=\"_new\">aplacental viviparous<\/a>: the unborn <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embryo\" title=\"Embryo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">embryos<\/a> are initially sustained by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yolk\" title=\"Yolk\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">yolk<\/a>, which is later supplemented by histotroph (\"uterine milk\", containing <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protein\" title=\"Protein\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">proteins<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lipid\" title=\"Lipid\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">lipids<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mucus\" title=\"Mucus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">mucus<\/a>) produced by the mother.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-bester&#95;3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bester-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Reproductive aggregations numbering in the hundreds have been observed at Cocos Island shortly after the onset of <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Ni%C3%B1a\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"La Ni\u00f1a\" target=\"_new\">La Ni\u00f1a<\/a><\/i>, which brings cooler temperatures. During these periods a single female may be pursued by dozens of males.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-hennemann&#95;13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-hennemann-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Females bear litters of up to seven pups, each measuring 33\u201335&#160;cm (13\u201314&#160;in) across and 67&#160;cm (26&#160;in) long.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;1-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Off South Africa, birthing may take place in the summer.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-van&#95;der&#95;elst&#95;18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-van_der_elst-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Males attain <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexual_maturity\" title=\"Sexual maturity\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">sexual maturity<\/a> at a disc width of 1.0\u20131.1&#160;m (3.3\u20133.6&#160;ft); the maturation size of females is unknown.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;1-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Human_interactions\">Human interactions<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Maldives_animals_16.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Overhead view of a stingray swimming just beneath the surface in very shallow water close to a beach\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/Maldives_animals_16.jpg\/250px-Maldives_animals_16.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A round ribbontail ray in the Maldives, where it is a valuable ecotourist draw.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The round ribbontail ray is not aggressive and has been known to approach and investigate divers.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-grove&#95;and&#95;lavenberg&#95;10-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-grove_and_lavenberg-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> However, if harassed it can inflict a severe wound with its <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venom\" title=\"Venom\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">venomous<\/a> tail spine. This species has been responsible for at least one recorded fatality of a diver who was stabbed while attempting to ride the ray. The round ribbontail ray is popular with <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecotourism\" title=\"Ecotourism\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ecotourist<\/a> divers because of its size and spectacular appearance.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;1-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-ferrari&#95;11-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ferrari-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature\" title=\"International Union for Conservation of Nature\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">International Union for Conservation of Nature<\/a> (IUCN) has assessed the round ribbontail ray as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vulnerable_species\" title=\"Vulnerable species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Vulnerable<\/a>. It cannot withstand heavy fishing pressure due to its low reproductive rate, and there is widespread degradation of its coral reef habitat, including from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agricultural_runoff\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Agricultural runoff\" target=\"_new\">agricultural runoff<\/a> and destructive fishing practices such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blast_fishing\" title=\"Blast fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">blast fishing<\/a>. This species is caught by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commercial_fishing\" title=\"Commercial fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">commercial<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recreational_fishing\" title=\"Recreational fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">fisheries<\/a> throughout its range, using line gear and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trawl\" title=\"Trawl\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">trawls<\/a>. One region where it is heavily pressured is in Indonesian waters, where it and other large rays are taken intentionally and otherwise by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tangle_net\" title=\"Tangle net\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">tangle netters<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Longline_fishing\" title=\"Longline fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">longliners<\/a>, and trawlers operating off Java, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bali\" title=\"Bali\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Bali<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Guinea\" title=\"New Guinea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">New Guinea<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lombok\" title=\"Lombok\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Lombok<\/a>. All landed individuals are brought to market for human consumption.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;1-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Off South Africa, the round ribbontail ray is captured incidentally by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prawn\" title=\"Prawn\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">prawn<\/a> trawlers on offshore <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquatic_bank_(topography)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Aquatic bank (topography)\" target=\"_new\">banks<\/a>, but is not utilized. Because of its size and strength, it is also prized by sport anglers, who usually release it unharmed. South Africa sets a recreational bag limit of one ray per species per person per day and does not allow <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spearfishing\" title=\"Spearfishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">spearfishing<\/a> for this species.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;1-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-van&#95;der&#95;elst&#95;18-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-van_der_elst-18\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>18<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> In Australian waters, this ray has been assessed as of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Least_Concern\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Least Concern\" target=\"_new\">Least Concern<\/a>. Although it is caught (and discarded) by prawn trawlers, this mortality has been reduced by the mandatory installation of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turtle_Excluder_Device\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Turtle Excluder Device\" target=\"_new\">Turtle Excluder Devices<\/a> (TEDs). Furthermore, a portion of its Australian range lies within the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Barrier_Reef_Marine_Park\" title=\"Great Barrier Reef Marine Park\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Great Barrier Reef Marine Park<\/a>. This species has also been listed under Least Concern in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" title=\"Maldives\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Maldives<\/a> where, due to the tourist value of rays, the government has created protected marine reserves and banned the export of rays in 1995 and ray skins in 1996.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;1-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-References\">References<\/h2><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\" style=\"column-width: calc( 0.9 * 30em );\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-iucn-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-5\"><sup><i><b>f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-6\"><sup><i><b>g<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-7\"><sup><i><b>h<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-8\"><sup><i><b>i<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_1-9\"><sup><i><b>j<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSherman,&#95;C.S.Bennett,&#95;R.Charles,&#95;R.Haque,&#95;A.B.2024\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Sherman, C.S.; Bennett, R.; Charles, R.; Haque, A.B.; Jabado, R.W.; Simpfendorfer, C.; Van Beuningen, D. (2024). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/60162\/124445924\" target=\"_new\">\"<i>Taeniurops meyeni<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/a><\/i>. <b>2024<\/b> e.T60162A124445924<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">7 December<\/span> 2024<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&amp;rft.atitle=Taeniurops+meyeni&amp;rft.volume=2024&amp;rft.artnum=e.T60162A124445924&amp;rft.date=2024&amp;rft.au=Sherman%2C+C.S.&amp;rft.au=Bennett%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Charles%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Haque%2C+A.B.&amp;rft.au=Jabado%2C+R.W.&amp;rft.au=Simpfendorfer%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Van+Beuningen%2C+D.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F60162%2F124445924&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-cas-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-cas_2-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFEschmeyerFrickevan&#95;der&#95;Laan2010\" class=\"citation web cs1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_N._Eschmeyer\" title=\"William N. Eschmeyer\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Eschmeyer, William N.<\/a>; Fricke, Ron &amp; van der Laan, Richard, eds. (February 19, 2010). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/researcharchive.calacademy.org\/research\/ichthyology\/catalog\/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&genus=Taeniurops&species=meyeni\" target=\"_new\">\"Species related to <i>Taeniurops meyeni<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalog_of_Fishes\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Catalog of Fishes\" target=\"_new\">Catalog of Fishes<\/a><\/i>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Academy_of_Sciences\" title=\"California Academy of Sciences\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">California Academy of Sciences<\/a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">February 25,<\/span> 2010<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Catalog+of+Fishes&amp;rft.atitle=Species+related+to+Taeniurops+meyeni&amp;rft.date=2010-02-19&amp;rft&#95;id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearcharchive.calacademy.org%2Fresearch%2Fichthyology%2Fcatalog%2Ffishcatget.asp%3Ftbl%3Dspecies%26genus%3DTaeniurops%26species%3Dmeyeni&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-bester-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-bester_3-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-bester_3-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-bester_3-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-bester_3-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFBester,&#95;C.\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Bester, C. <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.flmnh.ufl.edu\/fish\/Gallery\/Descript\/Blotchedfantailray\/bfantailray.html\" target=\"_new\">\"Biological Profiles: Blotched Fantail Ray\"<\/a>. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">February 25,<\/span> 2010<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Biological+Profiles%3A+Blotched+Fantail+Ray&amp;rft.pub=Florida+Museum+of+Natural+History+Ichthyology+Department&amp;rft.au=Bester%2C+C.&amp;rft&#95;id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flmnh.ufl.edu%2Ffish%2FGallery%2FDescript%2FBlotchedfantailray%2Fbfantailray.html&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-fishbase-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-fishbase_4-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-fishbase_4-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-fishbase_4-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFroesePauly\" class=\"citation web cs1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rainer_Froese\" title=\"Rainer Froese\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Froese, Rainer<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Pauly\" title=\"Daniel Pauly\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pauly, Daniel<\/a> (eds.). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.org\/summary\/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Taeniura&speciesname=meyeni\" target=\"_new\">\"<i>Taeniura meyeni<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a><\/i>. February 2010 version.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FishBase&amp;rft.atitle=Taeniura+meyeni&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DTaeniura%26speciesname%3Dmeyeni&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-julianrocks-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-julianrocks_5-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.julianrocks.net\/sharks\/bullrays.htm\" target=\"_new\">Bull ray, stingray spines<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060821210437\/http:\/\/www.julianrocks.net\/sharks\/bullrays.htm\" target=\"_new\">Archived<\/a> 2006-08-21 at the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. Julian Rocks. Retrieved on February 25, 2010.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-lovejoy-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-lovejoy_6-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFLovejoy,&#95;N.R.1996\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Lovejoy, N.R. (1996). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1996.tb02189.x\" target=\"_new\">\"Systematics of myliobatoid elasmobranchs: with emphasis on the phylogeny and historical biogeography of neotropical freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae: Rajiformes)\"<\/a>. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society<\/i>. <b>117<\/b> (3): <span class=\"nowrap\">207\u2013<\/span>257. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1996.tb02189.x\" target=\"_new\">10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1996.tb02189.x<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Zoological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Systematics+of+myliobatoid+elasmobranchs%3A+with+emphasis+on+the+phylogeny+and+historical+biogeography+of+neotropical+freshwater+stingrays+%28Potamotrygonidae%3A+Rajiformes%29&amp;rft.volume=117&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=207-257&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1996.tb02189.x&amp;rft.au=Lovejoy%2C+N.R.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1096-3642.1996.tb02189.x&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-ETYFish-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-ETYFish_7-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFChristopher&#95;ScharpfKenneth&#95;J.&#95;Lazara2018\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Christopher Scharpf &amp; Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160304125319\/http:\/\/www.etyfish.org\/myliobatiformes\/\" target=\"_new\">\"Order MYLIOBATIFORMES (Stingrays)\"<\/a>. <i>The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database<\/i>. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Archived from <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.etyfish.org\/myliobatiformes\/\" target=\"_new\">the original<\/a> on 4 March 2016<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">21 January<\/span> 2022<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+ETYFish+Project+Fish+Name+Etymology+Database&amp;rft.atitle=Order+MYLIOBATIFORMES+%28Stingrays%29&amp;rft.date=2018-09-22&amp;rft.au=Christopher+Scharpf&amp;rft.au=Kenneth+J.+Lazara&amp;rft&#95;id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etyfish.org%2Fmyliobatiformes%2F&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-last&#95;and&#95;stevens-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-last_and_stevens_8-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-last_and_stevens_8-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-last_and_stevens_8-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-last_and_stevens_8-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFLast,&#95;P.R.J.D.&#95;Stevens2009\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Last, P.R. &amp; J.D. Stevens (2009). <i>Sharks and Rays of Australia<\/i> (second&#160;ed.). Harvard University Press. pp.&#160;<span class=\"nowrap\">460\u2013<\/span>461. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>978-0-674-03411-2<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sharks+and+Rays+of+Australia&amp;rft.pages=460-461&amp;rft.edition=second&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-03411-2&amp;rft.au=Last%2C+P.R.&amp;rft.au=J.D.+Stevens&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-smith&#95;et&#95;al-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-smith_et_al_9-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSmith,&#95;J.L.B.M.M.&#95;SmithP.C.&#95;Heemstra2003\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Smith, J.L.B.; M.M. Smith &amp; P.C. Heemstra (2003). <i>Smiths' Sea Fishes<\/i>. Struik. p.&#160;141. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>1-86872-890-0<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Smiths%27+Sea+Fishes&amp;rft.pages=141&amp;rft.pub=Struik&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=1-86872-890-0&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+J.L.B.&amp;rft.au=M.M.+Smith&amp;rft.au=P.C.+Heemstra&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-grove&#95;and&#95;lavenberg-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-grove_and_lavenberg_10-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-grove_and_lavenberg_10-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-grove_and_lavenberg_10-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-grove_and_lavenberg_10-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-grove_and_lavenberg_10-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFGrove,&#95;J.S.R.J.&#95;Lavenberg1997\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Grove, J.S. &amp; R.J. Lavenberg (1997). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=VUoAHt-Cf-IC&pg=RA1-PA119\" target=\"_new\"><i>The Fishes of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands<\/i><\/a>. Stanford University Press. pp.&#160;<span class=\"nowrap\">119\u2013<\/span>121. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>0-8047-2289-7<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Fishes+of+the+Gal%C3%A1pagos+Islands&amp;rft.pages=119-121&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=0-8047-2289-7&amp;rft.au=Grove%2C+J.S.&amp;rft.au=R.J.+Lavenberg&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVUoAHt-Cf-IC%26pg%3DRA1-PA119&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-ferrari-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-ferrari_11-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-ferrari_11-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-ferrari_11-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-ferrari_11-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-ferrari_11-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFerrari,&#95;A.Ferrari,&#95;A.2002\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Ferrari, A. &amp; Ferrari, A. (2002). <span class=\"id-lock-registration\" title=\"Free registration required\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/sharks0000ferr\" target=\"_new\"><i>Sharks<\/i><\/a><\/span>. FireFly Books. pp.&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/sharks0000ferr\/page\/212\" target=\"_new\">212\u2013213<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>1-55209-629-7<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sharks&amp;rft.pages=212-213&amp;rft.pub=FireFly+Books&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=1-55209-629-7&amp;rft.au=Ferrari%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Ferrari%2C+A.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsharks0000ferr&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-michael-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-michael_12-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-michael_12-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFMichael,&#95;S.W.1993\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Michael, S.W. (1993). <i>Reef Sharks &amp; Rays of the World<\/i>. Sea Challengers. p.&#160;89. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>0-930118-18-9<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Reef+Sharks+%26+Rays+of+the+World&amp;rft.pages=89&amp;rft.pub=Sea+Challengers&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=0-930118-18-9&amp;rft.au=Michael%2C+S.W.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-hennemann-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-hennemann_13-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-hennemann_13-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFHennemann,&#95;R.M.2001\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Hennemann, R.M. (2001). <i>Sharks &amp; Rays: Elasmobranch Guide of the World<\/i> (second&#160;ed.). IKAN &#8211; Unterwasserarchiv. pp.&#160;<span class=\"nowrap\">256\u2013<\/span>259. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>3-925919-33-3<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sharks+%26+Rays%3A+Elasmobranch+Guide+of+the+World&amp;rft.pages=256-259&amp;rft.edition=second&amp;rft.pub=IKAN+%26ndash%3B+Unterwasserarchiv&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=3-925919-33-3&amp;rft.au=Hennemann%2C+R.M.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-timofeeva-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-timofeeva_14-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFTimofeeva,&#95;T.A.1983\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Timofeeva, T.A. (1983). \"New representatives of monocotylids (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from cartilaginous fishes of the South China and Yellow Seas\". <i>Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta<\/i>. <b>121<\/b>: <span class=\"nowrap\">35\u2013<\/span>47.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Trudy+Zoologicheskogo+Instituta&amp;rft.atitle=New+representatives+of+monocotylids+%28Monogenea%3A+Monocotylidae%29+from+cartilaginous+fishes+of+the+South+China+and+Yellow+Seas&amp;rft.volume=121&amp;rft.pages=35-47&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.au=Timofeeva%2C+T.A.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-chisholm&#95;and&#95;whittington-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-chisholm_and_whittington_15-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFChisholm,&#95;L.A.I.D.&#95;Whittington2004\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Chisholm, L.A. &amp; I.D. Whittington (March 2004). \"Two new species of <i>Dendromonocotyle<\/i> Hargis, 1955 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the skin of <i>Taeniura meyeni<\/i> (Dasyatidae) and <i>Aetobatus narinari<\/i> (Myliobatidae) from aquaria in Queensland, Australia\". <i>Systematic Parasitology<\/i>. <b>57<\/b> (3): <span class=\"nowrap\">221\u2013<\/span>228. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023%2FB%3ASYPA.0000019085.44664.6d\" target=\"_new\">10.1023\/B:SYPA.0000019085.44664.6d<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15010596\" target=\"_new\">15010596<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">S2CID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:34868807\" target=\"_new\">34868807<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Systematic+Parasitology&amp;rft.atitle=Two+new+species+of+Dendromonocotyle+Hargis%2C+1955+%28Monogenea%3A+Monocotylidae%29+from+the+skin+of+Taeniura+meyeni+%28Dasyatidae%29+and+Aetobatus+narinari+%28Myliobatidae%29+from+aquaria+in+Queensland%2C+Australia&amp;rft.volume=57&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=221-228&amp;rft.date=2004-03&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34868807%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Apmid%2F15010596&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FB%3ASYPA.0000019085.44664.6d&amp;rft.au=Chisholm%2C+L.A.&amp;rft.au=I.D.+Whittington&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-whittington&#95;and&#95;kearn-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-whittington_and_kearn_16-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFWhittington,&#95;I.D.G.C.&#95;Kearn2009\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Whittington, I.D. &amp; G.C. Kearn (2009). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/157\/1\/Published_manuscript.pdf\" target=\"_new\">\"Two new species of entobdelline skin parasites (Monogenea, Capsalidae) from the blotched fantail ray, <i>Taeniura meyeni<\/i>, in the Pacific Ocean, with comments on spermatophores and the male copulatory apparatus\"<\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)<\/span>. <i>Acta Parasitologica<\/i>. <b>54<\/b> (1): <span class=\"nowrap\">12\u2013<\/span>21. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478%2Fs11686-009-0013-7\" target=\"_new\">10.2478\/s11686-009-0013-7<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">S2CID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:28685675\" target=\"_new\">28685675<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Acta+Parasitologica&amp;rft.atitle=Two+new+species+of+entobdelline+skin+parasites+%28Monogenea%2C+Capsalidae%29+from+the+blotched+fantail+ray%2C+Taeniura+meyeni%2C+in+the+Pacific+Ocean%2C+with+comments+on+spermatophores+and+the+male+copulatory+apparatus&amp;rft.volume=54&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=12-21&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2478%2Fs11686-009-0013-7&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28685675%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.au=Whittington%2C+I.D.&amp;rft.au=G.C.+Kearn&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fueaeprints.uea.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F157%2F1%2FPublished&#95;manuscript.pdf&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-deardorff&#95;and&#95;ko-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-deardorff_and_ko_17-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFDeardorff,&#95;T.L.R.C.&#95;Ko1983\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Deardorff, T.L. &amp; R.C. Ko (1983). \"<i>Echinocephalus overstreeti<\/i> sp. N (Nematoda, Gnathostomatidae) in the stingray, <i>Taeniura melanospilos<\/i> Bleeker, from the Marquesas Islands, with comments on <i>E. sinensis<\/i> Ko 1975\". <i>Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington<\/i>. <b>50<\/b> (2): <span class=\"nowrap\">285\u2013<\/span>293.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Helminthological+Society+of+Washington&amp;rft.atitle=Echinocephalus+overstreeti+sp.+N+%28Nematoda%2C+Gnathostomatidae%29+in+the+stingray%2C+Taeniura+melanospilos+Bleeker%2C+from+the+Marquesas+Islands%2C+with+comments+on+E.+sinensis+Ko+1975&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=285-293&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.au=Deardorff%2C+T.L.&amp;rft.au=R.C.+Ko&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-van&#95;der&#95;elst-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-van_der_elst_18-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-van_der_elst_18-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFVan&#95;der&#95;Elst,&#95;R.1993\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Van der Elst, R. (1993). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=9DqUZ4kMOToC&pg=PA53\" target=\"_new\"><i>A Guide to the Common Sea Fishes of Southern Africa<\/i><\/a> (third&#160;ed.). Struik. p.&#160;53. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>1-86825-394-5<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Common+Sea+Fishes+of+Southern+Africa&amp;rft.pages=53&amp;rft.edition=third&amp;rft.pub=Struik&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=1-86825-394-5&amp;rft.au=Van+der+Elst%2C+R.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9DqUZ4kMOToC%26pg%3DPA53&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARound+ribbontail+ray\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-External_links\">External links<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1314755338\" \/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1311551236\" \/>\n<ul><li><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/fishesofaustralia.net.au\/home\/species\/3530\" target=\"_new\">Fishes of Australia&#160;: <i>Taeniura meyeni<\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Photos of <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sealifecollection.org\/taxon\/217421\" target=\"_new\">Round ribbontail ray<\/a> in the Sealife Collection<\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Taxon&#95;identifiers4407\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"rdp-we-Taxon&#95;identifiers4407\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Taxon_identifiers\" title=\"Help:Taxon identifiers\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taxon identifiers<\/a><\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Taeniurops meyeni<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q28146372\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikidata:Q28146372\" target=\"_new\">Q28146372<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Faunal_Directory\" title=\"Australian Faunal Directory\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">AFD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/biodiversity.org.au\/afd\/taxa\/Taeniurops_meyeni\" target=\"_new\">Taeniurops_meyeni<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalogue_of_Life\" title=\"Catalogue of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/54JDB\" target=\"_new\">54JDB<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.ca\/summary\/6482\" target=\"_new\">6482<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/7193839\" target=\"_new\">7193839<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INaturalist\" title=\"INaturalist\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">iNaturalist<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/inaturalist.org\/taxa\/188852\" target=\"_new\">188852<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera\" title=\"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IRMNG<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11767685\" target=\"_new\">11767685<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/details\/60162\/0\" target=\"_new\">60162<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System\" title=\"Ocean Biodiversity Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">OBIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/obis.org\/taxon\/712972\" target=\"_new\">712972<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Tree_of_Life\" title=\"Open Tree of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Open Tree of Life<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/tree.opentreeoflife.org\/taxonomy\/browse?id=688878\" target=\"_new\">688878<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"zh:\u81fa\u7063\u7269\u7a2e\u540d\u9304\" target=\"_new\">TaiCOL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/taicol.tw\/taxon\/t0033225\" target=\"_new\">t0033225<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">WoRMS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=712972\" target=\"_new\">712972<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Taeniura meyeni<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1151884\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikidata:Q1151884\" target=\"_new\">Q1151884<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikispecies\" title=\"Wikispecies\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikispecies<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a href=\"https:\/\/species.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Taeniurops_meyeni\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikispecies:Taeniurops meyeni\" target=\"_new\">Taeniurops meyeni<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_Diversity_Web\" title=\"Animal Diversity Web\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ADW<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/animaldiversity.org\/accounts\/Taeniura_meyeni\/\" target=\"_new\">Taeniura_meyeni<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System\" title=\"Barcode of Life Data System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">BOLD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bench.boldsystems.org\/index.php\/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=97600\" target=\"_new\">97600<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalogue_of_Life\" title=\"Catalogue of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/54JD7\" target=\"_new\">54JD7<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclopedia_of_Life\" title=\"Encyclopedia of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">EoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/eol.org\/pages\/212582\" target=\"_new\">212582<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/5215814\" target=\"_new\">5215814<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera\" title=\"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IRMNG<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10156177\" target=\"_new\">10156177<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System\" title=\"Integrated Taxonomic Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ITIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itis.gov\/servlet\/SingleRpt\/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=564372\" target=\"_new\">564372<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information\" title=\"National Center for Biotechnology Information\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">NCBI<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/datasets\/taxonomy\/651724\/\" target=\"_new\">651724<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plazi\" title=\"Plazi\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Plazi<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/treatment.plazi.org\/id\/6FF3EABB-CD93-A52A-1669-A9643C97F43F\" target=\"_new\">6FF3EABB-CD93-A52A-1669-A9643C97F43F<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"zh:\u81fa\u7063\u7269\u7a2e\u540d\u9304\" target=\"_new\">TaiCOL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/taicol.tw\/taxon\/t0033225\" target=\"_new\">t0033225<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">WoRMS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=217421\" target=\"_new\">217421<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZooBank\" title=\"ZooBank\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ZooBank<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/zoobank.org\/NomenclaturalActs\/2C35DE25-58CA-45A6-B373-205392319EF1\" target=\"_new\">2C35DE25-58CA-45A6-B373-205392319EF1<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n<\/p>\n<!-- 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class=\"vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary\" aria-hidden=\"true\" ><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Round ribbontail ray<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-talk-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"talk-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-subject-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"subject-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-history-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"history-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-watchstar-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"watch-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-edit-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"wikitext-edit-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-ve-edit-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ve-edit-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-viewsource-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ve-edit-protected-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language\"><\/span>\n\n<span>19 languages<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-addsection-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"addsection-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Add topic<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div 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