{"id":141,"date":"2019-10-21T03:57:04","date_gmt":"2019-10-21T03:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pavclients.com\/moalboal\/?post_type=product&#038;p=141"},"modified":"2020-06-09T02:43:21","modified_gmt":"2020-06-09T02:43:21","slug":"thresher-shark","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/thresher-shark\/","title":{"rendered":"Thresher shark"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdp-we-main\" data-resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pelagic_thresher\">\n<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-aria-live-region\" class=\"mw-aria-live-region\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vector-header-container\">\n\t<header class=\"vector-header mw-header no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-start\">\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Site\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right\"  title=\"Main menu\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Main menu\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Main menu<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu\" class=\"vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"main-menu-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-main-menu\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Main menu<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-navigation\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tNavigation\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-mainpage-description\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" title=\"Visit the main page [z]\" accesskey=\"z\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Main page<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\" title=\"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contents<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-currentevents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events\" title=\"Articles related to current events\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Current events<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-randompage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Random article<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-aboutsite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>About Wikipedia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contactpage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us\" title=\"How to contact Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contact us<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-interaction\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tContribute\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-help\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents\" title=\"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Help<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-introduction\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction\" title=\"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Learn to edit<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-portal\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal\" title=\"The hub for editors\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Community portal<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-recentchanges\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Recent changes<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard\" title=\"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Upload file<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-specialpages\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Special pages<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" class=\"mw-logo wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-icon\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"50\" width=\"50\">\n\t<span class=\"mw-logo-container skin-invert\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-wordmark\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 1.375em;\">\n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-tagline\" alt=\"The Free Encyclopedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg\" width=\"140\" height=\"11\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 0.6875em;\">\n\t<\/span>\n<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-end\">\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-search\" role=\"search\" class=\"vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box\">\n\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Search<\/span>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"vector-typeahead-search-container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width\">\n\t\t\t<form action=\"\/w\/index.php\" id=\"rdp-we-searchform\" class=\"cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-simpleSearch\" class=\"cdx-search-input__input-wrapper\"  data-search-loc=\"header-moved\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"cdx-text-input__input mw-searchInput\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t type=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search Wikipedia\" aria-label=\"Search Wikipedia\" autocapitalize=\"none\" spellcheck=\"false\" title=\"Search Wikipedia [f]\" accesskey=\"f\" id=\"rdp-we-searchInput\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button\">Search<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide\" aria-label=\"Personal tools\">\n\t<div class=\"vector-user-links-main\">\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-preferences\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-userpage\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown\"  title=\"Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Appearance\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Appearance<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/nav>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-notifications\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-overflow\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" data-mw-donate-attempt=\"top_link\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out vector-user-links-dropdown--collapsible user-links-collapsible-item\"  title=\"Log in and more options\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Personal tools\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Personal tools<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal\"  title=\"User menu\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" data-mw-donate-attempt=\"top_link\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-heart mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-heart\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item vector-menu-item--collapsible\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/nav>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-page-container\">\n\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-start\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-container\">\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc\" aria-label=\"Contents\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents<\/h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Taxonomy_and_phylogeny\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Taxonomy_and_phylogeny\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Taxonomy and phylogeny<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Taxonomy_and_phylogeny-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Distribution_and_habitat\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Distribution_and_habitat\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Distribution and habitat<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Description<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology_and_ecology\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Biology_and_ecology\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Biology and ecology<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Biology_and_ecology-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toggle Biology and ecology subsection<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology_and_ecology-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Feeding\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Feeding\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Feeding<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Feeding-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Life_history\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Life_history\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Life history<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Life_history-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Thermoregulation\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Thermoregulation\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Thermoregulation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Thermoregulation-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Human_interactions\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Human_interactions\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Human interactions<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Human_interactions-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-References\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#References\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>References<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>External links<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"rdp-we-content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\"  title=\"Table of Contents\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\" aria-label=\"Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-label\" for=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">25 languages<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kleintand-sambokhaai\" title=\"Kleintand-sambokhaai \u2013 Afrikaans\" lang=\"af\" hreflang=\"af\" data-title=\"Kleintand-sambokhaai\" data-language-autonym=\"Afrikaans\" data-language-local-name=\"Afrikaans\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Afrikaans<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD\" title=\"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u2013 Egyptian Arabic\" lang=\"arz\" hreflang=\"arz\" data-title=\"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0649\" data-language-local-name=\"Egyptian Arabic\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0649<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alopias_pelagicus\" title=\"Alopias pelagicus \u2013 Bulgarian\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" data-title=\"Alopias pelagicus\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\" data-language-local-name=\"Bulgarian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alopias_pelagicus\" title=\"Alopias pelagicus \u2013 Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" data-title=\"Alopias pelagicus\" data-language-autonym=\"Cebuano\" data-language-local-name=\"Cebuano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Cebuano<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"good article\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li%C5%A1koun_pelagick%C3%BD\" title=\"Li\u0161koun pelagick\u00fd \u2013 Czech\" lang=\"cs\" hreflang=\"cs\" data-title=\"Li\u0161koun pelagick\u00fd\" data-language-autonym=\"\u010ce\u0161tina\" data-language-local-name=\"Czech\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u010ce\u0161tina<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pazifischer_Fuchshai\" title=\"Pazifischer Fuchshai \u2013 German\" lang=\"de\" hreflang=\"de\" data-title=\"Pazifischer Fuchshai\" data-language-autonym=\"Deutsch\" data-language-local-name=\"German\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Deutsch<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82\" title=\"\u03a0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u2013 Greek\" lang=\"el\" hreflang=\"el\" data-title=\"\u03a0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\" data-language-local-name=\"Greek\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alopias_pelagicus\" title=\"Alopias pelagicus \u2013 Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" data-title=\"Alopias pelagicus\" data-language-autonym=\"Espa\u00f1ol\" data-language-local-name=\"Spanish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alopias_pelagicus\" title=\"Alopias pelagicus \u2013 Basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" data-title=\"Alopias pelagicus\" data-language-autonym=\"Euskara\" data-language-local-name=\"Basque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Euskara<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Requin-renard_p%C3%A9lagique\" title=\"Requin-renard p\u00e9lagique \u2013 French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" data-title=\"Requin-renard p\u00e9lagique\" data-language-autonym=\"Fran\u00e7ais\" data-language-local-name=\"French\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F\" title=\"\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05df \u2013 Hebrew\" lang=\"he\" hreflang=\"he\" data-title=\"\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05df\" data-language-autonym=\"\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\" data-language-local-name=\"Hebrew\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hiu_tikus_pelagik\" title=\"Hiu tikus pelagik \u2013 Indonesian\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" data-title=\"Hiu tikus pelagik\" data-language-autonym=\"Bahasa Indonesia\" data-language-local-name=\"Indonesian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Bahasa Indonesia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alopias_pelagicus\" title=\"Alopias pelagicus \u2013 Italian\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" data-title=\"Alopias pelagicus\" data-language-autonym=\"Italiano\" data-language-local-name=\"Italian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Italiano<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA\" title=\"\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea \u2013 Japanese\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" data-title=\"\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\" data-language-autonym=\"\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\" data-language-local-name=\"Japanese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%ED%99%98%EB%8F%84%EC%83%81%EC%96%B4\" title=\"\ud658\ub3c4\uc0c1\uc5b4 \u2013 Korean\" lang=\"ko\" hreflang=\"ko\" data-title=\"\ud658\ub3c4\uc0c1\uc5b4\" data-language-autonym=\"\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\" data-language-local-name=\"Korean\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D\" title=\"\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d02\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d7d \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d02\u0d24\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d \u2013 Malayalam\" lang=\"ml\" hreflang=\"ml\" data-title=\"\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d02\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d7d \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d02\u0d24\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d02\" data-language-local-name=\"Malayalam\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d02<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yu_ekor_panjang\" title=\"Yu ekor panjang \u2013 Malay\" lang=\"ms\" hreflang=\"ms\" data-title=\"Yu ekor panjang\" data-language-autonym=\"Bahasa Melayu\" data-language-local-name=\"Malay\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Bahasa Melayu<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pelagische_voshaai\" title=\"Pelagische voshaai \u2013 Dutch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" data-title=\"Pelagische voshaai\" data-language-autonym=\"Nederlands\" data-language-local-name=\"Dutch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Nederlands<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alopias_pelagicus\" title=\"Alopias pelagicus \u2013 Polish\" lang=\"pl\" hreflang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Alopias pelagicus\" data-language-autonym=\"Polski\" data-language-local-name=\"Polish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Polski<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pnb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9\" title=\"\u067e\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u2013 Western Punjabi\" lang=\"pnb\" hreflang=\"pnb\" data-title=\"\u067e\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\" data-language-autonym=\"\u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u06cc\" data-language-local-name=\"Western Punjabi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u06cc<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alopias_pelagicus\" title=\"Alopias pelagicus \u2013 Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Alopias pelagicus\" data-language-autonym=\"Portugu\u00eas\" data-language-local-name=\"Portuguese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Portugu\u00eas<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item\" title=\"recommended article\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0\" title=\"\u041f\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u2013 Russian\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" data-title=\"\u041f\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\" data-language-local-name=\"Russian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0\" title=\"\u041b\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u2013 Ukrainian\" lang=\"uk\" hreflang=\"uk\" data-title=\"\u041b\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0430\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430\" data-language-local-name=\"Ukrainian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item\"><a 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data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-subjectpageheader\">\n<\/div><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Species of shark<\/div>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n<\/p>\n\n<p>The <b>pelagic thresher<\/b> (<i><b>Alopias pelagicus<\/b><\/i>) is a species of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thresher_shark\" title=\"Thresher shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">thresher shark<\/a>, family <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thresher_shark\" title=\"Thresher shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Alopiidae<\/a>; this group of sharks is characterized by the greatly elongated upper lobes of their <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caudal_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Caudal fin\" target=\"_new\">caudal fins<\/a>. The pelagic thresher occurs in the tropical and subtropical waters of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Ocean\" title=\"Indian Ocean\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indian<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Ocean\" title=\"Pacific Ocean\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pacific Oceans<\/a>, usually far from shore, but occasionally entering coastal habitats. It is often confused with the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_thresher\" title=\"Common thresher\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">common thresher<\/a> (<i>A. vulpinus<\/i>), even in professional publications, but can be distinguished by the dark, rather than white, color over the bases of its <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pectoral_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Pectoral fin\" target=\"_new\">pectoral fins<\/a>. The smallest of the three thresher species, the pelagic thresher typically measures 3&#160;m (10&#160;ft) long.\n<\/p><p>The diet of the pelagic thresher consists mainly of small midwater fishes, which are stunned with whip-like strikes of its tail. Along with all other <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamniformes\" title=\"Lamniformes\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">mackerel sharks<\/a>, the pelagic thresher exhibits <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ovoviviparity\" title=\"Ovoviviparity\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ovoviviparity<\/a> and usually gives birth to litters of two. The developing <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embryo\" title=\"Embryo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">embryos<\/a> are <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oophagy\" title=\"Oophagy\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">oophagous<\/a>, feeding on unfertilized eggs produced by the mother. The young are born unusually large, up to 43% the length of the mother. Pelagic threshers are valued by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commercial_fishing\" title=\"Commercial fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">commercial fisheries<\/a> for their meat, skin, liver oil, and fins, and are also pursued by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sport_fishing\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Sport fishing\" target=\"_new\">sport fishers<\/a>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature\" title=\"International Union for Conservation of Nature\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">International Union for Conservation of Nature<\/a> assessed this species as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endangered_species\" title=\"Endangered species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">endangered<\/a> in 2019.\n<\/p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp\/toc\" \/>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Taxonomy_and_phylogeny\">Taxonomy and phylogeny<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>The pelagic thresher was originally described by Japanese <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ichthyologist\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Ichthyologist\" target=\"_new\">ichthyologist<\/a> Hiroshi Nakamura on the basis of three large specimens, none of which was designated a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holotype\" title=\"Holotype\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">holotype<\/a>. He illustrated one of the three specimens in his paper, \"On the two species of the thresher shark from Formosan waters\", published in August 1935. Nakamura also separately illustrated and described a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fetus\" title=\"Fetus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">fetus<\/a>, that <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leonard_Compagno\" title=\"Leonard Compagno\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Leonard Compagno<\/a> later concluded was probably of a common thresher. Several authors, including Gohar and Mazhar (1964, Red Sea), Kato, Springer and Wagner (1967, Eastern Pacific), Fourmanoir and Laboute (1976, New Caledonia), Johnson (1978, Tahiti), and Faughnan (1980, Hawaiian Islands) have published illustrations of \"common threshers\" that were in fact pelagic threshers.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>An <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allozyme\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Allozyme\" target=\"_new\">allozyme<\/a> analysis conducted by Blaise Eitner in 1995 showed that the closest relative of the pelagic thresher is the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bigeye_thresher\" title=\"Bigeye thresher\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bigeye thresher<\/a> (<i>A. superciliosus<\/i>), with which it forms a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clade\" title=\"Clade\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">clade<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-eitner&#95;4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-eitner-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Specific_name_(zoology)\" title=\"Specific name (zoology)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">specific epithet<\/a> <i>pelagicus<\/i> is from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_language\" title=\"Greek language\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Greek<\/a> <i>pelagios<\/i>, meaning \"of the sea\". Another <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_name\" title=\"Common name\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">common name<\/a> is the smalltooth thresher.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Distribution_and_habitat\">Distribution and habitat<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>Due to confusion with the common thresher, the distribution of the pelagic thresher may be wider than is currently known. It ranges extensively in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-Pacific\" title=\"Indo-Pacific\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indo-Pacific<\/a>, with scattered records from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">South Africa<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Sea\" title=\"Red Sea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Red Sea<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arabian_Sea\" title=\"Arabian Sea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Arabian Sea<\/a> (off <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somalia\" title=\"Somalia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Somalia<\/a>, between <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oman\" title=\"Oman\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Oman<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" title=\"India\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">India<\/a>, and off <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan\" title=\"Pakistan\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pakistan<\/a>), to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">China<\/a>, southeastern <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" title=\"Japan\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Japan<\/a>, northwestern <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia\" title=\"Australia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Australia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Caledonia\" title=\"New Caledonia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">New Caledonia<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tahiti\" title=\"Tahiti\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Tahiti<\/a>, to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawaiian_Islands\" title=\"Hawaiian Islands\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hawaiian Islands<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California\" title=\"California\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">California<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galapagos_Islands\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Galapagos Islands\" target=\"_new\">Galapagos Islands<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The North Pacific population shifts northward during warm <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/El_Nino\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"El Nino\" target=\"_new\">El Nino<\/a> years.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-ebert&#95;6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ebert-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Analysis of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitochondrial_DNA\" title=\"Mitochondrial DNA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">mitochondrial DNA<\/a> has shown extensive <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gene_flow\" title=\"Gene flow\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">gene flow<\/a> within the eastern and western Pacific pelagic thresher populations, but little flow between them.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The pelagic thresher primarily inhabits the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pelagic_zone\" title=\"Pelagic zone\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">open ocean<\/a>, occurring from the surface to a depth of at least 150&#160;m (490&#160;ft).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> However, it occasionally comes close to shore in regions with a narrow <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continental_shelf\" title=\"Continental shelf\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">continental shelf<\/a>, and has been observed near <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coral_reef\" title=\"Coral reef\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">coral reef<\/a> dropoffs or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seamount\" title=\"Seamount\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">seamounts<\/a> in the Red Sea and the Gulf of California, and off <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" title=\"Indonesia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indonesia<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Micronesia\" title=\"Micronesia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Micronesia<\/a>. It has also been known to enter large <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagoon\" title=\"Lagoon\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">lagoons<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuamotu_Islands\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Tuamotu Islands\" target=\"_new\">Tuamotu Islands<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-martin&#95;8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-martin-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Description\">Description<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>The pelagic thresher is the smallest of the thresher sharks, typically 3&#160;m (10&#160;ft) in length and 69.5&#160;kg (153.2&#160;lb) in weight, and usually not exceeding 3.3&#160;m (11&#160;ft) and 88.4&#160;kg (195&#160;lb).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Males and females attain known maximum lengths of 3.5&#160;m (11&#160;ft) and 3.8&#160;m (12&#160;ft), respectively.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-fishbase&#95;9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-fishbase-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> A record of 5&#160;m (16&#160;ft) is dubious and may have resulted from confusion with other thresher species. This species has a fusiform body (wide in the middle and tapered at the ends) and a very slender upper <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caudal_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Caudal fin\" target=\"_new\">caudal fin<\/a> lobe nearly as long as the rest of the shark. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pectoral_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Pectoral fin\" target=\"_new\">pectoral fins<\/a> are long and straight with broad, rounded tips. The first <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dorsal_fin\" title=\"Dorsal fin\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">dorsal fin<\/a> is placed halfway between the pectoral and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pelvic_fin\" title=\"Pelvic fin\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">pelvic fins<\/a>, and is of comparable size to the pelvic fins. The second dorsal and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anal_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Anal fin\" target=\"_new\">anal fins<\/a> are tiny.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The head is narrow with a short, conical snout and a distinctive \"pinched\" profile when viewed from below. The eyes are very large in juveniles and decrease in relative size with age. No furrows occur at the corners of the mouth. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark_tooth\" title=\"Shark tooth\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">teeth<\/a> are very small, numbering 21&#8211;22 rows on each side with a symphysial (central) row in the upper jaw and 21 on each side without a symphysial row in the lower jaw. Five to 11 rows of posterior teeth are present. The teeth are smooth-edged, with oblique cusps and lateral cusplets on the outside margins.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The body is covered with very small, smooth <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dermal_denticle\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Dermal denticle\" target=\"_new\">dermal denticles<\/a> with flat crowns and cusps with parallel ridges. The coloration is an intense dark blue above and white below; the white does not extend to above the pectoral fins. The color rapidly fades to gray after death. The dark pigment above the pectoral fins, the rounded pectoral fin tips, and the absence of labial furrows separate this shark from the common thresher.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-ebert&#95;6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ebert-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-packed\">\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 242px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 240px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Alopias_pelagicus_head.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"Pelagic threshers can be identified by the color above their pectoral fins\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Pelagic threshers can be identified by the color above their pectoral fins\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/62\/Alopias_pelagicus_head.jpg\/500px-Alopias_pelagicus_head.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"180\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">Pelagic threshers can be identified by the color above their pectoral fins<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 214px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 212px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Alopias_pelagicus_teeth.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"Jaws\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Jaws\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Alopias_pelagicus_teeth.jpg\/330px-Alopias_pelagicus_teeth.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"212\" height=\"180\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">Jaws<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 266.66666666667px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 264.66666666667px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Alopias_pelagicus_teeth2.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"Teeth\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Teeth\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Alopias_pelagicus_teeth2.jpg\/500px-Alopias_pelagicus_teeth2.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"265\" height=\"180\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">Teeth<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 266.66666666667px\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 264.66666666667px;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Alopias_pelagicus_teeth3.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"Teeth\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Teeth\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Alopias_pelagicus_teeth3.jpg\/500px-Alopias_pelagicus_teeth3.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"265\" height=\"180\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gallerytext\">Teeth<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Biology_and_ecology\">Biology and ecology<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><span><video id=\"rdp-we-mwe_player_0\" poster=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv\/250px--Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv.jpg\" controls=\"\" preload=\"none\" data-mw-tmh=\"\" class=\"mw-file-element\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" data-durationhint=\"23\" data-mwtitle=\"Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv\" data-mwprovider=\"wikimediacommons\" resource=\"\/wiki\/File:Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv\"><source src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv\/Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv.480p.vp9.webm\" type=\"video\/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;\" data-transcodekey=\"480p.vp9.webm\" data-width=\"640\" data-height=\"480\" \/><source src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e8\/Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv\" type=\"video\/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora&quot;\" data-width=\"640\" data-height=\"480\" \/><source src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv\/Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov\" type=\"video\/quicktime\" data-transcodekey=\"144p.mjpeg.mov\" data-width=\"192\" data-height=\"144\" \/><source src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv\/Oceanic-Sharks-Clean-at-Coastal-Seamount-pone.0014755.s003.ogv.240p.vp9.webm\" type=\"video\/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;\" data-transcodekey=\"240p.vp9.webm\" data-width=\"320\" data-height=\"240\" \/><\/video><\/span><figcaption>A male pelagic thresher being attended by cleaner fish<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><span><video id=\"rdp-we-mwe_player_1\" poster=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Thresher-Sharks-Use-Tail-Slaps-as-a-Hunting-Strategy-pone.0067380.s003.ogv\/250px--Thresher-Sharks-Use-Tail-Slaps-as-a-Hunting-Strategy-pone.0067380.s003.ogv.jpg\" controls=\"\" preload=\"none\" data-mw-tmh=\"\" class=\"mw-file-element\" width=\"250\" height=\"142\" data-durationhint=\"6\" data-mwtitle=\"Thresher-Sharks-Use-Tail-Slaps-as-a-Hunting-Strategy-pone.0067380.s003.ogv\" data-mwprovider=\"wikimediacommons\" resource=\"\/wiki\/File:Thresher-Sharks-Use-Tail-Slaps-as-a-Hunting-Strategy-pone.0067380.s003.ogv\"><source src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/aa\/Thresher-Sharks-Use-Tail-Slaps-as-a-Hunting-Strategy-pone.0067380.s003.ogv\" type=\"video\/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora, vorbis&quot;\" data-width=\"480\" data-height=\"272\" \/><source src=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/aa\/Thresher-Sharks-Use-Tail-Slaps-as-a-Hunting-Strategy-pone.0067380.s003.ogv\/Thresher-Sharks-Use-Tail-Slaps-as-a-Hunting-Strategy-pone.0067380.s003.ogv.240p.vp9.webm\" type=\"video\/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;\" data-transcodekey=\"240p.vp9.webm\" data-width=\"424\" data-height=\"240\" \/><\/video><\/span><figcaption>A pelagic thresher using tail slaps to hunt sardines<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The pelagic thresher is an active, strong swimmer and has been known to leap clear of the water (five times in a row on one documented occasion).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-martin&#95;8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-martin-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Predator\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Predator\" target=\"_new\">Predators<\/a> of the pelagic thresher include larger fishes (including other sharks) and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toothed_whale\" title=\"Toothed whale\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">toothed whales<\/a>. Known <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parasite\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Parasite\" target=\"_new\">parasites<\/a> of this species include the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tapeworm\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Tapeworm\" target=\"_new\">tapeworms<\/a> <i>Litobothrium amplifica<\/i>, <i>L. daileyi<\/i>, and <i>L. nickoli<\/i>, which inhabit the shark's <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiral_valve\" title=\"Spiral valve\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">spiral valve<\/a> intestine,<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copepod\" title=\"Copepod\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">copepods<\/a> of the genus <i>Echthrogaleus<\/i>, which infest the skin. At <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malapascua_Island\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Malapascua Island\" target=\"_new\">Malapascua Island<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" title=\"Philippines\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Philippines<\/a>, pelagic threshers have been observed regularly visiting cleaning stations occupied by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cleaner_fish\" title=\"Cleaner fish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">cleaner wrasses<\/a> (<i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bluestreak_cleaner_wrasse\" title=\"Bluestreak cleaner wrasse\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Labroides dimidiatus<\/a><\/i> and <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moon_wrasse\" title=\"Moon wrasse\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Thalassoma lunare<\/a><\/i>), during which they exhibit characteristic behaviors to facilitate the cleaning interaction. These visits occur more frequently early in the morning, and may be why these normally oceanic sharks are sometimes encountered in shallow water.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Feeding\">Feeding<\/h3><\/div>\n<p>Little information is available on the feeding ecology of the pelagic thresher. Its very slender tail and fine dentition suggest an exclusive diet of small, pelagic prey.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;3-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Analysis of stomach contents reveals that pelagic threshers feed mainly on <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barracudina\" title=\"Barracudina\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">barracudinas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phosichthyidae\" title=\"Phosichthyidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">lightfishes<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gempylidae\" title=\"Gempylidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">escolars<\/a>, all inhabitants of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mesopelagic_zone\" title=\"Mesopelagic zone\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">mesopelagic zone<\/a>. Therefore, little competition occurs between the pelagic thresher and other large oceanic piscivores such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Billfish\" title=\"Billfish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">billfishes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuna\" title=\"Tuna\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">tunas<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolphinfish\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Dolphinfish\" target=\"_new\">dolphinfishes<\/a>, which tend to feed near the surface.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> As in other threshers, pelagic threshers may swim in circles to drive <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shoaling_and_schooling\" title=\"Shoaling and schooling\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">schooling<\/a> prey into a compact mass, before striking them sharply with the upper lobe of their tails to stun them. Because of this behavior, pelagic threshers are often hooked on <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Longline_fishing\" title=\"Longline fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">longlines<\/a> by their tails.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Life_history\">Life history<\/h3><\/div>\n<p>Like the rest of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamniformes\" title=\"Lamniformes\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">mackerel sharks<\/a>, the pelagic thresher is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ovoviviparous\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Ovoviviparous\" target=\"_new\">ovoviviparous<\/a>. It gives birth to two pups at a time (rarely just one), one per <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uterus\" title=\"Uterus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">uterus<\/a>. With no defined <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breeding_season\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Breeding season\" target=\"_new\">breeding season<\/a>, most adult females are pregnant throughout the year; the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gestation_period\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Gestation period\" target=\"_new\">gestation period<\/a> is uncertain, but has been suggested to be less than one year as in the common thresher. The developing <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embryo\" title=\"Embryo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">embryos<\/a> are sustained by a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yolk_sac\" title=\"Yolk sac\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">yolk sac<\/a> until they are 12&#160;cm (4.7&#160;in) long, after which they are <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oophagy\" title=\"Oophagy\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">oophagous<\/a> and feed on egg capsules produced by the mother. Each capsule measures about 55&#160;mm (2.2&#160;in) long and 12&#160;mm (0.5&#160;in) across, and contains 20&#8211;30 ova.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-otake&#95;and&#95;mizue&#95;12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-otake_and_mizue-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Early-stage embryos have specialized teeth for opening the capsules, while later-stage embryos have their teeth hidden and swallow the capsules whole, their teeth not becoming functional again until just after birth. No evidence of sibling cannibalism has been found as in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sand_tiger_shark\" title=\"Sand tiger shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">sand tiger shark<\/a> (<i>Carcharias taurus<\/i>).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-liu&#95;et&#95;al.&#95;13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-liu_et_al.-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Young pelagic threshers are born unusually large, up to 1.6&#160;m (5.2&#160;ft) long or 43% the length of the mother, which likely reduces predation on the newborns.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;3-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The growth rate of pelagic threshers slows with age: \n<\/p>\n<ul><li>9&#160;cm\/year for ages 0&#8211;1,<\/li>\n<li>8&#160;cm\/year for ages 2&#8211;3,<\/li>\n<li>6&#160;cm\/year for ages 5&#8211;6,<\/li>\n<li>4&#160;cm\/year for ages 7&#8211;10,<\/li>\n<li>3&#160;cm\/year for ages 10&#8211;12,<\/li>\n<li>and 2&#160;cm\/year for ages 13 and greater.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Females reach <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexual_maturation\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Sexual maturation\" target=\"_new\">maturity<\/a> at 2.8&#8211;2.9 m (9.2&#8211;9.5&#160;ft) long and eight to nine years old, while males mature at 2.7&#8211;2.8 m (8.9&#8211;9.2&#160;ft) long and seven to eight years old. The oldest confirmed ages for females and males are 16 and 14 years, respectively. Extrapolating the growth curves to the largest known individuals suggests that females may have a lifespan exceeding 28 years, and males 17 years.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-liu&#95;et&#95;al.&#95;13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-liu_et_al.-13\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> A single female produces about 40 young over her entire life.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-ebert&#95;6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ebert-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Thermoregulation\">Thermoregulation<\/h3><\/div>\n<p>Anatomical examination indicates that the pelagic thresher is unlikely to be <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warm-blooded\" title=\"Warm-blooded\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">warm-bodied<\/a> like the common thresher; it lacks a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rete_mirabile\" title=\"Rete mirabile\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">rete mirabile<\/a>, a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blood_vessel\" title=\"Blood vessel\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">blood vessel<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Countercurrent_exchange\" title=\"Countercurrent exchange\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">countercurrent exchange<\/a> system that prevents <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metabolism\" title=\"Metabolism\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">metabolic heat<\/a> from being dissipated into the water, inside its trunk. Furthermore, its <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aerobic_metabolism\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Aerobic metabolism\" target=\"_new\">aerobic<\/a> red muscles, responsible for generating heat in the common thresher, are positioned in two lateral strips just beneath the skin rather than at the core of the body.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-sepulveda&#95;et&#95;al.&#95;14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-sepulveda_et_al.-14\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> A rete system is present around the pelagic thresher's brain and eyes, albeit less developed than in the bigeye thresher, which may serve to buffer those organs against temperature changes.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-weng&#95;and&#95;block&#95;15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-weng_and_block-15\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Human_interactions\">Human interactions<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Alopias_pelagicus_4.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/83\/Alopias_pelagicus_4.jpg\/250px-Alopias_pelagicus_4.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Pelagic threshers are often caught as bycatch on longlines.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The pelagic thresher has never been implicated in an attack on humans; it has small jaws and teeth for its size and tends to flee from divers.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-martin&#95;8-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-martin-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> This shark is taken by commercial fisheries in the central Pacific and western Indian Oceans, as well as off California and Mexico. Abundant off northeastern <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan\" title=\"Taiwan\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taiwan<\/a>, it comprises over 12% (about 3,100 fish, 220 metric tons) of the annual Taiwanese shark landings. The meat is sold for human consumption, the skin is made into <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leather\" title=\"Leather\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">leather<\/a>, and the fins are used for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark_fin_soup\" title=\"Shark fin soup\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">shark fin soup<\/a> in Asia. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark_liver_oil\" title=\"Shark liver oil\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">squalene oil<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liver\" title=\"Liver\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">liver<\/a> of the pelagic thresher can comprise 10% of its weight, and is used in the manufacture of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cosmetics\" title=\"Cosmetics\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">cosmetics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_food\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Health food\" target=\"_new\">health foods<\/a>, and high-grade machine oil.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Though rarely caught, pelagic threshers are also valued by sport fishers and are listed as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Game_fish\" title=\"Game fish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">game fish<\/a> by the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Game_Fish_Association\" title=\"International Game Fish Association\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">International Game Fish Association<\/a>. The largest overall records are from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand\" title=\"New Zealand\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">New Zealand<\/a>, while the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fishing_tackle\" title=\"Fishing tackle\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">light tackle<\/a> records are from California.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Pelagic threshers are frequently taken as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bycatch\" title=\"Bycatch\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bycatch<\/a> on longlines and in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Driftnet\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Driftnet\" target=\"_new\">driftnets<\/a> meant for other species such as tuna, and also rarely in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gillnet\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Gillnet\" target=\"_new\">gillnets<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark_net\" title=\"Shark net\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">antishark nets<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-seitz&#95;5-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-seitz-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-References\">References<\/h2><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\" style=\"column-width: calc( 0.9 * 30em );\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-iucn&#95;status&#95;19&#95;November&#95;2021-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFRigby,&#95;C.L.Barreto,&#95;R.Carlson,&#95;J.Fernando,&#95;D.2019\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/161597\/68607857\" target=\"_new\">\"<i>Alopias pelagicus<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/a><\/i>. <b>2019<\/b> e.T161597A68607857. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T161597A68607857.en\" target=\"_new\">10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T161597A68607857.en<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">19 November<\/span> 2021<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&amp;rft.atitle=Alopias+pelagicus&amp;rft.volume=2019&amp;rft.artnum=e.T161597A68607857&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T161597A68607857.en&amp;rft.au=Rigby%2C+C.L.&amp;rft.au=Barreto%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Carlson%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Fernando%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Fordham%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Francis%2C+M.P.&amp;rft.au=Herman%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Jabado%2C+R.W.&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+K.M.&amp;rft.au=Marshall%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Pacoureau%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=Romanov%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Sherley%2C+R.B.&amp;rft.au=Winker%2C+H.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F161597%2F68607857&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite class=\"citation web cs1\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cites.org\/eng\/app\/appendices.php\" target=\"_new\">\"Appendices | CITES\"<\/a>. <i>cites.org<\/i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">2022-01-14<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=cites.org&amp;rft.atitle=Appendices+%7C+CITES&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fcites.org%2Feng%2Fapp%2Fappendices.php&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-compagno-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_3-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_3-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_3-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_3-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_3-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_3-5\"><sup><i><b>f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFCompagno,&#95;L.J.V.2002\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Compagno, L.J.V. (2002). <i>Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date<\/i>. Vol.&#160;2. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. pp.&#160;<span class=\"nowrap\">81\u2013<\/span>83. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>92-5-104543-7<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sharks+of+the+World%3A+An+Annotated+and+Illustrated+Catalogue+of+Shark+Species+Known+to+Date&amp;rft.place=Rome&amp;rft.pages=81-83&amp;rft.pub=Food+and+Agricultural+Organization&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=92-5-104543-7&amp;rft.au=Compagno%2C+L.J.V.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-eitner-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-eitner_4-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFEitner,&#95;B.J.1995\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Eitner, B.J. (Aug 18, 1995). \"Systematics of the Genus <i>Alopias<\/i> (Lamniformes: Alopiidae) with Evidence for the Existence of an Unrecognized Species\". <i>Copeia<\/i>. <b>1995<\/b> (3). 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London: University of California Press. pp.&#160;<span class=\"nowrap\">101\u2013<\/span>102. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>0-520-23484-7<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sharks%2C+Rays%2C+and+Chimaeras+of+California&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=101-102&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=0-520-23484-7&amp;rft.au=Ebert%2C+D.A.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFTrejo,&#95;T.2005\" class=\"citation thesis cs1\">Trejo, T. (2005). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.12680\/ng451p18g\" target=\"_new\"><i>Global phylogeography of thresher sharks (Alopias spp.) inferred from mitochondrial DNA control region sequences<\/i><\/a> (M.Sc. thesis). Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hdl_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Hdl (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">hdl<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.12680%2Fng451p18g\" target=\"_new\">20.500.12680\/ng451p18g<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&amp;rft.title=Global+phylogeography+of+thresher+sharks+%28Alopias+spp.%29+inferred+from+mitochondrial+DNA+control+region+sequences&amp;rft.degree=M.Sc.&amp;rft.inst=Moss+Landing+Marine+Laboratories%2C+California+State+University&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12680%2Fng451p18g&amp;rft.au=Trejo%2C+T.&amp;rft&#95;id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F20.500.12680%2Fng451p18g&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-martin-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-martin_8-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-martin_8-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-martin_8-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Martin, R.A. <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.elasmo-research.org\/education\/shark_profiles\/a_pelagicus.htm\" target=\"_new\">Biology of the Pelagic Thresher (<i>Alopias pelagicus<\/i>).<\/a> <i>ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research.<\/i> Retrieved on December 22, 2008.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-fishbase-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-fishbase_9-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFroesePauly\" class=\"citation web cs1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rainer_Froese\" title=\"Rainer Froese\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Froese, Rainer<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Pauly\" title=\"Daniel Pauly\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pauly, Daniel<\/a> (eds.). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.org\/summary\/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Alopias&speciesname=pelagicus\" target=\"_new\">\"<i>Alopias pelagicus<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a><\/i>. December 2008 version.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FishBase&amp;rft.atitle=Alopias+pelagicus&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DAlopias%26speciesname%3Dpelagicus&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFOiver,&#95;S.2005\" class=\"citation thesis cs1\">Oiver, S. (2005). <i>The behaviour of pelagic thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus) in relation to cleaning fish (Labroides dimidiatus &amp; Thalasoma lunare) on Monad shoal, Malapascua Island, Cebu, Philippines<\/i> (MSc thesis). Bangor: University of Wales.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&amp;rft.title=The+behaviour+of+pelagic+thresher+sharks+%28Alopias+pelagicus%29+in+relation+to+cleaning+fish+%28Labroides+dimidiatus+%26+Thalasoma+lunare%29+on+Monad+shoal%2C+Malapascua+Island%2C+Cebu%2C+Philippines&amp;rft.degree=MSc&amp;rft.inst=University+of+Wales&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.au=Oiver%2C+S.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFMoteki,&#95;M.Arai,&#95;M.Tsuchiya,&#95;K.Okamoto,&#95;H.2001\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Moteki, M.; Arai, M.; Tsuchiya, K. &amp; Okamoto, H. (2001). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046%2Fj.1444-2906.2001.00362.x\" target=\"_new\">\"Composition of piscine prey in the diet of large pelagic fish in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean\"<\/a>. <i>Fisheries Science<\/i>. <b>67<\/b> (6): <span class=\"nowrap\">1063\u2013<\/span>1074. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bibcode (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2001FisSc..67.1063M\" target=\"_new\">2001FisSc..67.1063M<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046%2Fj.1444-2906.2001.00362.x\" target=\"_new\">10.1046\/j.1444-2906.2001.00362.x<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Composition+of+piscine+prey+in+the+diet+of+large+pelagic+fish+in+the+eastern+tropical+Pacific+Ocean&amp;rft.volume=67&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=1063-1074&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1444-2906.2001.00362.x&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001FisSc..67.1063M&amp;rft.au=Moteki%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Arai%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Tsuchiya%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Okamoto%2C+H.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.1444-2906.2001.00362.x&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-otake&#95;and&#95;mizue-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-otake_and_mizue_12-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFOtake,&#95;T.Mizue,&#95;K.1981\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Otake, T., \u4e8c\u96c4 &amp; Mizue, K., \u4e00\u5f18 (1981). \"Direct Evidence for Oophagy in Thresher Shark, <i>Alopias pelagicus<\/i>\". <i>Japanese Journal of Ichthyology<\/i>. <b>28<\/b> (2): <span class=\"nowrap\">171\u2013<\/span>172. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11369%2Fjji1950.28.171\" target=\"_new\">10.11369\/jji1950.28.171<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Japanese+Journal+of+Ichthyology&amp;rft.atitle=Direct+Evidence+for+Oophagy+in+Thresher+Shark%2C+Alopias+pelagicus&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=171-172&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11369%2Fjji1950.28.171&amp;rft.aulast=Otake%2C+T.&amp;rft.aufirst=%E4%BA%8C%E9%9B%84&amp;rft.au=Mizue%2C+K.%2C+%E4%B8%80%E5%BC%98&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-liu&#95;et&#95;al.-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-liu_et_al._13-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-liu_et_al._13-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFLiu,&#95;K.M.Chen,&#95;C.T.Liao,&#95;T.H.Joung,&#95;S.J.1999\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Liu, K.M.; Chen, C.T.; Liao, T.H. &amp; Joung, S.J. (February 1999). \"Age, Growth, and Reproduction of the Pelagic Thresher Shark, <i>Alopias pelagicus<\/i> in the Northwestern Pacific\". <i>Copeia<\/i>. <b>1999<\/b> (1). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists: <span class=\"nowrap\">68\u2013<\/span>74. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F1447386\" target=\"_new\">10.2307\/1447386<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"JSTOR (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">JSTOR<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1447386\" target=\"_new\">1447386<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Copeia&amp;rft.atitle=Age%2C+Growth%2C+and+Reproduction+of+the+Pelagic+Thresher+Shark%2C+Alopias+pelagicus+in+the+Northwestern+Pacific&amp;rft.volume=1999&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=68-74&amp;rft.date=1999-02&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1447386&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1447386%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+K.M.&amp;rft.au=Chen%2C+C.T.&amp;rft.au=Liao%2C+T.H.&amp;rft.au=Joung%2C+S.J.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-sepulveda&#95;et&#95;al.-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-sepulveda_et_al._14-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSepulveda,&#95;C.A.Wegner,&#95;N.C.Bernal,&#95;D.Graham,&#95;J.B.2005\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Sepulveda, C.A.; Wegner, N.C.; Bernal, D. &amp; Graham, J.B. 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href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16272248\" target=\"_new\">16272248<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=The+red+muscle+morphology+of+the+thresher+sharks+%28family+Alopiidae%29&amp;rft.volume=208&amp;rft.issue=Pt+22&amp;rft.pages=4255-4261&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Apmid%2F16272248&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.01898&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005JExpB.208.4255S&amp;rft.au=Sepulveda%2C+C.A.&amp;rft.au=Wegner%2C+N.C.&amp;rft.au=Bernal%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Graham%2C+J.B.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-weng&#95;and&#95;block-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-weng_and_block_15-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFWeng,&#95;K.C.Block,&#95;B.A.2004\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Weng, K.C. &amp; Block, B.A. (2004). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/spo.nmfs.noaa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf-content\/2004\/1021\/weng.pdf\" target=\"_new\">\"Diel vertical migration of the bigeye thresher shark (<i>Alopias superciliosus<\/i>), a species possessing orbital retia mirabilia\"<\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)<\/span>. <i>Fishery Bulletin &#8211; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<\/i>. <b>102<\/b> (1): <span class=\"nowrap\">221\u2013<\/span>229.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Fishery+Bulletin+%26ndash%3B+National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&amp;rft.atitle=Diel+vertical+migration+of+the+bigeye+thresher+shark+%28Alopias+superciliosus%29%2C+a+species+possessing+orbital+retia+mirabilia&amp;rft.volume=102&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=221-229&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.au=Weng%2C+K.C.&amp;rft.au=Block%2C+B.A.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fspo.nmfs.noaa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf-content%2F2004%2F1021%2Fweng.pdf&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelagic+thresher\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-External_links\">External links<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/shark-references.com\/species\/view\/Alopia-pelagicus\" target=\"_new\">Species Description of Alopias pelagicus at www.shark-references.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Photos of <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sealifecollection.org\/taxon\/220019\" target=\"_new\">Pelagic thresher<\/a> in the Sealife Collection<\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Extant&#95;mackerel&#95;shark&#95;species4448\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064\" \/><div id=\"rdp-we-Extant&#95;mackerel&#95;shark&#95;species4448\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Extant <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamniformes\" title=\"Lamniformes\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">mackerel shark<\/a> species<\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n<ul><li>Kingdom <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal\" title=\"Animal\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Animalia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Phylum <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chordate\" title=\"Chordate\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Chordata<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Subphylum <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vertebrate\" title=\"Vertebrate\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Vertebrata<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Class <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chondrichthyes\" title=\"Chondrichthyes\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Chondrichthyes<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Subclass <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elasmobranchii\" title=\"Elasmobranchii\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Elasmobranchii<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Subdivision <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark\" title=\"Shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Selachii<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alopiidae\" title=\"Alopiidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Alopiidae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"rdp-we-Alopias215\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thresher_shark\" title=\"Thresher shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Alopias<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Pelagic thresher (<i>A. pelagicus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bigeye_thresher\" title=\"Bigeye thresher\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Bigeye thresher (<i>A. superciliosus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_thresher\" title=\"Common thresher\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Common thresher (<i>A. vulpinus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carchariidae\" title=\"Carchariidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Carchariidae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"rdp-we-Carcharias83\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carcharias\" title=\"Carcharias\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Carcharias<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sand_tiger_shark\" title=\"Sand tiger shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sand tiger shark (<i>C. taurus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cetorhinidae\" title=\"Cetorhinidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Cetorhinidae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"rdp-we-Cetorhinus78\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cetorhinus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Cetorhinus\" target=\"_new\">Cetorhinus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basking_shark\" title=\"Basking shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Basking shark (<i>C. maximus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamnidae\" title=\"Lamnidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Lamnidae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carcharodon\" title=\"Carcharodon\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Carcharodon<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_white_shark\" title=\"Great white shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Great white shark (<i>C. carcharias<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mako_shark\" title=\"Mako shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Isurus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shortfin_mako_shark\" title=\"Shortfin mako shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Shortfin mako shark (<i>I. oxyrinchus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Longfin_mako_shark\" title=\"Longfin mako shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Longfin mako shark (<i>I. paucus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamna\" title=\"Lamna\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Lamna<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salmon_shark\" title=\"Salmon shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Salmon shark (<i>L. ditropis<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Porbeagle\" title=\"Porbeagle\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Porbeagle (<i>L. nasus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Megachasmidae\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Megachasmidae\" target=\"_new\">Megachasmidae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"rdp-we-Megachasma83\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Megachasma\" title=\"Megachasma\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Megachasma<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Megamouth_shark\" title=\"Megamouth shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Megamouth shark (<i>M. pelagios<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitsukurinidae\" title=\"Mitsukurinidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Mitsukurinidae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"rdp-we-Mitsukurina77\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitsukurina\" title=\"Mitsukurina\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Mitsukurina<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goblin_shark\" title=\"Goblin shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Goblin shark (<i>M. owstoni<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odontaspididae\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Odontaspididae\" target=\"_new\">Odontaspididae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"rdp-we-Odontaspis152\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odontaspis\" title=\"Odontaspis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Odontaspis<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smalltooth_sand_tiger\" title=\"Smalltooth sand tiger\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Smalltooth sand tiger (<i>O. ferox<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bigeye_sand_tiger\" title=\"Bigeye sand tiger\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Bigeye sand tiger (<i>O. noronhai<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudocarchariidae\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Pseudocarchariidae\" target=\"_new\">Pseudocarchariidae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"rdp-we-Pseudocarcharias90\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:8.5em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudocarcharias\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Pseudocarcharias\" target=\"_new\">Pseudocarcharias<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crocodile_shark\" title=\"Crocodile shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Crocodile shark (<i>P. kamoharai<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064\" \/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1353707246\" \/><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Taxon&#95;identifiers4066\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"rdp-we-Taxon&#95;identifiers4066\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Taxon_identifiers\" title=\"Help:Taxon identifiers\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taxon identifiers<\/a><\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Alopias pelagicus<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1274522\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikidata:Q1274522\" target=\"_new\">Q1274522<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikispecies\" title=\"Wikispecies\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikispecies<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a href=\"https:\/\/species.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Alopias_pelagicus\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikispecies:Alopias pelagicus\" target=\"_new\">Alopias pelagicus<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_Diversity_Web\" title=\"Animal Diversity Web\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ADW<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/animaldiversity.org\/accounts\/Alopias_pelagicus\/\" target=\"_new\">Alopias_pelagicus<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Faunal_Directory\" title=\"Australian Faunal Directory\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">AFD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/biodiversity.org.au\/afd\/taxa\/Alopias_pelagicus\" target=\"_new\">Alopias_pelagicus<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System\" title=\"Barcode of Life Data System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">BOLD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bench.boldsystems.org\/index.php\/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=72350\" target=\"_new\">72350<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalogue_of_Life\" title=\"Catalogue of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/C5K6\" target=\"_new\">C5K6<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convention_on_the_Conservation_of_Migratory_Species_of_Wild_Animals\" title=\"Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CMS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cms.int\/en\/species\/alopias-pelagicus\" target=\"_new\">alopias-pelagicus<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclopedia_of_Life\" title=\"Encyclopedia of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">EoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/eol.org\/pages\/46559745\" target=\"_new\">46559745<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Nature_Information_System\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"European Nature Information System\" target=\"_new\">EUNIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/eunis.eea.europa.eu\/species\/130932\" target=\"_new\">130932<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.ca\/summary\/5891\" target=\"_new\">5891<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/2420809\" target=\"_new\">2420809<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INaturalist\" title=\"INaturalist\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">iNaturalist<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/inaturalist.org\/taxa\/68050\" target=\"_new\">68050<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera\" title=\"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IRMNG<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10838022\" target=\"_new\">10838022<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System\" title=\"Integrated Taxonomic Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ITIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itis.gov\/servlet\/SingleRpt\/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=159922\" target=\"_new\">159922<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/details\/161597\/0\" target=\"_new\">161597<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information\" title=\"National Center for Biotechnology Information\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">NCBI<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/datasets\/taxonomy\/57979\/\" target=\"_new\">57979<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Observation.org\" title=\"Observation.org\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Observation.org<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/observation.org\/species\/598555\/\" target=\"_new\">598555<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System\" title=\"Ocean Biodiversity Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">OBIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/obis.org\/taxon\/220019\" target=\"_new\">220019<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Tree_of_Life\" title=\"Open Tree of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Open Tree of Life<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/tree.opentreeoflife.org\/taxonomy\/browse?id=801808\" target=\"_new\">801808<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plazi\" title=\"Plazi\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Plazi<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/treatment.plazi.org\/id\/ECA59D85-221A-2065-9024-EFE01AD32FED\" target=\"_new\">ECA59D85-221A-2065-9024-EFE01AD32FED<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CITES\" title=\"CITES\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Species+<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/speciesplus.net\/#\/taxon_concepts\/68007\" target=\"_new\">68007<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"zh:\u81fa\u7063\u7269\u7a2e\u540d\u9304\" target=\"_new\">TaiCOL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/taicol.tw\/taxon\/t0049617\" target=\"_new\">t0049617<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">WoRMS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=220019\" target=\"_new\">220019<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZooBank\" title=\"ZooBank\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ZooBank<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/zoobank.org\/NomenclaturalActs\/B938C9C8-B3D4-4EBE-8E2E-FA2F2DB1FF4F\" target=\"_new\">B938C9C8-B3D4-4EBE-8E2E-FA2F2DB1FF4F<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw\u2010web.codfw.main\u201054ffd8c7c5\u2010qg599\nCached time: 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dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Pelagic thresher<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-talk-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"talk-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-subject-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"subject-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button 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cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language\"><\/span>\n\n<span>25 languages<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-addsection-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"addsection-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Add topic<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icon-end\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-user-links\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet\" id=\"rdp-we-p-dock-bottom\">\n\t<ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><!-- #rdp-we-main -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Genus<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Alopias<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Species<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">pelagicus<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1453,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[27],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-141","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-sharks-and-rays","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"shipping-taxable","11":"product-type-simple"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thresher shark - Moalboal Reef Species<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A comprehensive online checklist of reef flora and fauna known to be present in the Moalboal reef 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