{"id":140,"date":"2019-10-21T03:56:15","date_gmt":"2019-10-21T03:56:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pavclients.com\/moalboal\/?post_type=product&#038;p=140"},"modified":"2020-06-09T02:24:27","modified_gmt":"2020-06-09T02:24:27","slug":"tawny-nurse-shark","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/reefspecies.com\/moalboal\/species\/tawny-nurse-shark\/","title":{"rendered":"Tawny nurse shark"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdp-we-main\" data-resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tawny_nurse_shark\">\n<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-aria-live-region\" class=\"mw-aria-live-region\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"vector-header-container\">\n\t<header class=\"vector-header mw-header no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-start\">\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-main-menu-landmark\" aria-label=\"Site\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right\"  title=\"Main menu\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Main menu\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Main menu<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-main-menu\" class=\"vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"main-menu-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-main-menu\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-main-menu-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Main menu<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-navigation\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tNavigation\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-mainpage-description\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" title=\"Visit the main page [z]\" accesskey=\"z\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Main page<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\" title=\"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contents<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-currentevents\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events\" title=\"Articles related to current events\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Current events<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-randompage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Random article<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-aboutsite\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About\" title=\"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>About Wikipedia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-contactpage\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us\" title=\"How to contact Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Contact us<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-interaction\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tContribute\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-n-help\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents\" title=\"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Help<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-introduction\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction\" title=\"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Learn to edit<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-portal\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal\" title=\"The hub for editors\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Community portal<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-recentchanges\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Recent changes<\/span><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-upload\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard\" title=\"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Upload file<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-n-specialpages\" class=\"mw-list-item\"><span>Special pages<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" class=\"mw-logo wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">\n\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-icon\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"50\" width=\"50\">\n\t<span class=\"mw-logo-container skin-invert\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-wordmark\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 1.375em;\">\n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"mw-logo-tagline\" alt=\"The Free Encyclopedia\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg\" width=\"140\" height=\"11\" style=\"width: 8.75em; height: 0.6875em;\">\n\t<\/span>\n<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-header-end\">\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-search\" role=\"search\" class=\"vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box\">\n\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Search<\/span>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"vector-typeahead-search-container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width\">\n\t\t\t<form action=\"\/w\/index.php\" id=\"rdp-we-searchform\" class=\"cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-simpleSearch\" class=\"cdx-search-input__input-wrapper\"  data-search-loc=\"header-moved\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"cdx-text-input__input mw-searchInput\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t type=\"search\" name=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search Wikipedia\" aria-label=\"Search Wikipedia\" autocapitalize=\"none\" spellcheck=\"false\" title=\"Search Wikipedia [f]\" accesskey=\"f\" id=\"rdp-we-searchInput\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"title\" value=\"Special:Search\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button\">Search<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide\" aria-label=\"Personal tools\">\n\t<div class=\"vector-user-links-main\">\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-preferences\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-userpage\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown\"  title=\"Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Appearance\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Appearance<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/nav>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-notifications\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-vector-user-menu-overflow\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet\"  >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login-2\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item\"  title=\"Log in and more options\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Personal tools\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-user-links-dropdown-label\" for=\"vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Personal tools<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-personal\" class=\"vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item\"  title=\"User menu\" >\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-sitesupport\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><a data-mw-interface href=\"https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\" class=\" wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-heart mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-heart\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Donate<\/span><\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-createaccount\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Create account<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-pt-login\" class=\"mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Log in<\/span>\n<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/nav>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-page-container\">\n\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-start\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-main-menu-container\">\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<nav id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc\" aria-label=\"Contents\" data-event-name=\"ui.sidebar-toc\" class=\"mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-toc\" class=\"vector-toc vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"toc-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-toc\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-toc-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<h2 class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Contents<\/h2>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t<ul class=\"vector-toc-contents\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-panel-toc-list\">\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-mw-content-text\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"vector-toc-link\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">(Top)<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Taxonomy_and_phylogeny\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Taxonomy_and_phylogeny\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Taxonomy and phylogeny<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Taxonomy_and_phylogeny-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Distribution_and_habitat\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Distribution_and_habitat\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Distribution and habitat<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Description\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Description<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Description-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology_and_ecology\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Biology_and_ecology\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Biology and ecology<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<button aria-controls=\"toc-Biology_and_ecology-sublist\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Toggle Biology and ecology subsection<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Biology_and_ecology-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Feeding\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Feeding\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Feeding<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Feeding-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Life_history\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Life_history\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">4.2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Life history<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Life_history-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-Human_interactions\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#Human_interactions\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>Human interactions<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-Human_interactions-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-References\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#References\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>References<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-References-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links\"\n\t\tclass=\"vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded\">\n\t\t<a class=\"vector-toc-link\" href=\"#External_links\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-toc-text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"vector-toc-numb\">7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span>External links<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul id=\"rdp-we-toc-External_links-sublist\" class=\"vector-toc-list\">\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"rdp-we-content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Contents\" class=\"vector-toc-landmark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left\"  title=\"Table of Contents\" >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox\"  aria-label=\"Toggle the table of contents\"  >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-label\" for=\"vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">Toggle the table of contents<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container\" class=\"vector-unpinned-container\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang\"  >\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-checkbox\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn\" class=\"vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector\" aria-label=\"Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages\"   >\n\t<label id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-label\" for=\"p-lang-btn-checkbox\" class=\"vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29\" aria-hidden=\"true\"  ><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive\"><\/span>\n\n<span class=\"vector-dropdown-label-text\">29 languages<\/span>\n\t<\/label>\n\t<div class=\"vector-dropdown-content\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%B1\" title=\"\u0642\u0631\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u2013 Arabic\" lang=\"ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" data-title=\"\u0642\u0631\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0631\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" data-language-local-name=\"Arabic\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B1\" title=\"\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0631 \u2013 Egyptian Arabic\" lang=\"arz\" hreflang=\"arz\" data-title=\"\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0631\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0649\" data-language-local-name=\"Egyptian Arabic\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0649<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 Bulgarian\" lang=\"bg\" hreflang=\"bg\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\" data-language-local-name=\"Bulgarian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taur%C3%B3_nodrissa_lleonat\" title=\"Taur\u00f3 nodrissa lleonat \u2013 Catalan\" lang=\"ca\" hreflang=\"ca\" data-title=\"Taur\u00f3 nodrissa lleonat\" data-language-autonym=\"Catal\u00e0\" data-language-local-name=\"Catalan\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Catal\u00e0<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 Cebuano\" lang=\"ceb\" hreflang=\"ceb\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"Cebuano\" data-language-local-name=\"Cebuano\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Cebuano<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indopazifischer_Ammenhai\" title=\"Indopazifischer Ammenhai \u2013 German\" lang=\"de\" hreflang=\"de\" data-title=\"Indopazifischer Ammenhai\" data-language-autonym=\"Deutsch\" data-language-local-name=\"German\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Deutsch<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%8B%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA\" title=\"\u0782\u07a8\u078b\u07a6\u0782\u07b0 \u0789\u07a8\u0794\u07a6\u0783\u07aa \u2013 Divehi\" lang=\"dv\" hreflang=\"dv\" data-title=\"\u0782\u07a8\u078b\u07a6\u0782\u07b0 \u0789\u07a8\u0794\u07a6\u0783\u07aa\" data-language-autonym=\"\u078b\u07a8\u0788\u07ac\u0780\u07a8\u0784\u07a6\u0790\u07b0\" data-language-local-name=\"Divehi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u078b\u07a8\u0788\u07ac\u0780\u07a8\u0784\u07a6\u0790\u07b0<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 Spanish\" lang=\"es\" hreflang=\"es\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"Espa\u00f1ol\" data-language-local-name=\"Spanish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 Basque\" lang=\"eu\" hreflang=\"eu\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"Euskara\" data-language-local-name=\"Basque\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Euskara<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645\u06af\u0648\u0646 \u2013 Persian\" lang=\"fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" data-title=\"\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0645\u06af\u0648\u0646\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\" data-language-local-name=\"Persian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruosteviiksihai\" title=\"Ruosteviiksihai \u2013 Finnish\" lang=\"fi\" hreflang=\"fi\" data-title=\"Ruosteviiksihai\" data-language-autonym=\"Suomi\" data-language-local-name=\"Finnish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Suomi<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 French\" lang=\"fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"Fran\u00e7ais\" data-language-local-name=\"French\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99\" title=\"\u05d6\u05e0\u05d1\u05ea\u05df \u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9 \u2013 Hebrew\" lang=\"he\" hreflang=\"he\" data-title=\"\u05d6\u05e0\u05d1\u05ea\u05df \u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\" data-language-autonym=\"\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\" data-language-local-name=\"Hebrew\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homoksz%C3%ADn%C5%B1_dajkac%C3%A1pa\" title=\"Homoksz\u00edn\u0171 dajkac\u00e1pa \u2013 Hungarian\" lang=\"hu\" hreflang=\"hu\" data-title=\"Homoksz\u00edn\u0171 dajkac\u00e1pa\" data-language-autonym=\"Magyar\" data-language-local-name=\"Hungarian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Magyar<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hiu_perawat_kuning-kecokelatan\" title=\"Hiu perawat kuning-kecokelatan \u2013 Indonesian\" lang=\"id\" hreflang=\"id\" data-title=\"Hiu perawat kuning-kecokelatan\" data-language-autonym=\"Bahasa Indonesia\" data-language-local-name=\"Indonesian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Bahasa Indonesia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 Italian\" lang=\"it\" hreflang=\"it\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"Italiano\" data-language-local-name=\"Italian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Italiano<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B6%E3%83%A1\" title=\"\u30aa\u30aa\u30c6\u30f3\u30b8\u30af\u30b6\u30e1 \u2013 Japanese\" lang=\"ja\" hreflang=\"ja\" data-title=\"\u30aa\u30aa\u30c6\u30f3\u30b8\u30af\u30b6\u30e1\" data-language-autonym=\"\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\" data-language-local-name=\"Japanese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D1%98%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB\" title=\"\u0410\u0458\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430-\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b \u2013 Macedonian\" lang=\"mk\" hreflang=\"mk\" data-title=\"\u0410\u0458\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430-\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\" data-language-autonym=\"\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\" data-language-local-name=\"Macedonian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D\" title=\"\u0d15\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d \u2013 Malayalam\" lang=\"ml\" hreflang=\"ml\" data-title=\"\u0d15\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d02\" data-language-local-name=\"Malayalam\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d02<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geelbruine_verpleegsterhaai\" title=\"Geelbruine verpleegsterhaai \u2013 Dutch\" lang=\"nl\" hreflang=\"nl\" data-title=\"Geelbruine verpleegsterhaai\" data-language-autonym=\"Nederlands\" data-language-local-name=\"Dutch\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Nederlands<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pnb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9\" title=\"\u067e\u0639\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u2013 Western Punjabi\" lang=\"pnb\" hreflang=\"pnb\" data-title=\"\u067e\u0639\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\" data-language-autonym=\"\u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u06cc\" data-language-local-name=\"Western Punjabi\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u06cc<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 Portuguese\" lang=\"pt\" hreflang=\"pt\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"Portugu\u00eas\" data-language-local-name=\"Portuguese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Portugu\u00eas<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0420\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430-\u043d\u044f\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u2013 Russian\" lang=\"ru\" hreflang=\"ru\" data-title=\"\u0420\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430-\u043d\u044f\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\" data-language-local-name=\"Russian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 Swedish\" lang=\"sv\" hreflang=\"sv\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"Svenska\" data-language-local-name=\"Swedish\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Svenska<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5\" title=\"\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e09\u0e25\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e15\u0e32\u0e25 \u2013 Thai\" lang=\"th\" hreflang=\"th\" data-title=\"\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e09\u0e25\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e15\u0e32\u0e25\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\" data-language-local-name=\"Thai\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0\" title=\"\u0410\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430-\u043d\u044f\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u2013 Ukrainian\" lang=\"uk\" hreflang=\"uk\" data-title=\"\u0410\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430-\u043d\u044f\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\" data-language-autonym=\"\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430\" data-language-local-name=\"Ukrainian\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 Vietnamese\" lang=\"vi\" hreflang=\"vi\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\" data-language-local-name=\"Vietnamese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/war.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus \u2013 Waray\" lang=\"war\" hreflang=\"war\" data-title=\"Nebrius ferrugineus\" data-language-autonym=\"Winaray\" data-language-local-name=\"Waray\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>Winaray<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%8F%BD%E9%AC%9A%E9%AE%AB\" title=\"\u93fd\u9b1a\u9bab \u2013 Chinese\" lang=\"zh\" hreflang=\"zh\" data-title=\"\u93fd\u9b1a\u9bab\" data-language-autonym=\"\u4e2d\u6587\" data-language-local-name=\"Chinese\" class=\"interlanguage-link-target wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><span>\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"after-portlet after-portlet-lang\"><span class=\"wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link\">Edit links<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-page-toolbar-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-left-navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav 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>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-heading\">\n\t\tIn other projects\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"vector-menu-content\">\n\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"vector-menu-content-list\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Nebrius_ferrugineus\" hreflang=\"en\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/species.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" hreflang=\"en\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><span>Wikispecies<\/span><\/a><\/li><li id=\"rdp-we-t-wikibase\" class=\"wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item\"><span>Wikidata item<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-end no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp25eastereggs-vector-sitenotice-landmark\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-page-tools-landmark\" aria-label=\"Page tools\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-page-tools-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"vector-appearance-landmark\" aria-label=\"Appearance\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance-pinned-container\" class=\"vector-pinned-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-vector-appearance\" class=\"vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element\">\n\t<div\n\tclass=\"vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned\"\n\tdata-feature-name=\"appearance-pinned\"\n\tdata-pinnable-element-id=\"vector-appearance\"\n\tdata-pinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-pinned-container\"\n\tdata-unpinned-container-id=\"vector-appearance-unpinned-container\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"vector-pinnable-header-label\">Appearance<\/div>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin\">move to sidebar<\/button>\n\t<button class=\"vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button\" data-event-name=\"pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin\">hide<\/button>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-subjectpageheader\">\n<\/div><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\">Species of shark<\/div>\n<p class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n\n<\/p>\n\n<p>The <b>tawny nurse shark<\/b> (<i>Nebrius ferrugineus<\/i>) is a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Species\" title=\"Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">species<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carpet_shark\" title=\"Carpet shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">carpet shark<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Family_(taxonomy)\" title=\"Family (taxonomy)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">family<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ginglymostomatidae\" title=\"Ginglymostomatidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Ginglymostomatidae<\/a>, and the only extant member of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genus\" title=\"Genus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">genus<\/a> <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius\" title=\"Nebrius\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Nebrius<\/a><\/i>.\n<\/p><p>It is found widely along <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coastline\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Coastline\" target=\"_new\">coastlines<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indo-Pacific\" title=\"Indo-Pacific\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indo-Pacific<\/a>, preferring <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reef\" title=\"Reef\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">reefs<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sand_flat\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Sand flat\" target=\"_new\">sandy flats<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seagrass\" title=\"Seagrass\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">seagrass<\/a> beds from very shallow water to a depth of 70&#160;m (230&#160;ft). With a cylindrical body and a broad, flattened head, the tawny nurse shark is quite similar in appearance to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nurse_shark\" title=\"Nurse shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">nurse shark<\/a> (<i>Ginglymostoma cirratum<\/i>) of the Atlantic and East Pacific, from which it can be distinguished by its pointed-tipped <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dorsal_fins\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Dorsal fins\" target=\"_new\">dorsal fins<\/a> and narrow, sickle-shaped <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pectoral_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Pectoral fin\" target=\"_new\">pectoral fins<\/a>. The maximum recorded length of the tawny nurse shark is 3.2&#160;m (10&#160;ft).\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nocturnal\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Nocturnal\" target=\"_new\">Nocturnal<\/a> in habits, the tawny nurse shark tends to spend the day resting in piles of two dozen or more individuals inside caves or under ledges. At night, it is an active-swimming <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Predator\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Predator\" target=\"_new\">predator<\/a> that uses a powerful <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suction\" title=\"Suction\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">suction<\/a> force to extract <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prey\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Prey\" target=\"_new\">prey<\/a> from inside holes and crevices. The diet of this species consists mainly of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Octopus\" title=\"Octopus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">octopus<\/a>, though they also take other <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Invertebrate\" title=\"Invertebrate\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">invertebrates<\/a>, small <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bony_fish\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bony fish\" target=\"_new\">bony fishes<\/a>, and rarely <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_snake\" title=\"Sea snake\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">sea snakes<\/a>. It is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aplacental_viviparous\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Aplacental viviparous\" target=\"_new\">aplacental viviparous<\/a>, meaning the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embryo\" title=\"Embryo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">embryos<\/a> hatch from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mermaid%27s_purse\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Mermaid&#39;s purse\" target=\"_new\">egg capsules<\/a> inside the mother. It is the only carpet shark in which the embryos are <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oophagy\" title=\"Oophagy\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">oophagous<\/a>, feeding on <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egg_(biology)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Egg (biology)\" target=\"_new\">eggs<\/a> produced by the mother while inside the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uterus\" title=\"Uterus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">uterus<\/a>. The litter size may be as small as one or two, based on the large size of near-term embryos.\n<\/p><p>Compared to the nurse shark, the tawny nurse shark has a more placid disposition and will often allow divers to touch and play with it. However, it should be accorded respect due to its powerful jaws and sharp teeth. This species is caught by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commercial_fishing\" title=\"Commercial fishing\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">commercial fisheries<\/a> across most of its range for meat, fins, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark_liver_oil\" title=\"Shark liver oil\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">liver oil<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leather\" title=\"Leather\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">leather<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fishmeal\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Fishmeal\" target=\"_new\">fishmeal<\/a>. It is also esteemed as a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Game_fish\" title=\"Game fish\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">game fish<\/a> off <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queensland\" title=\"Queensland\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Queensland<\/a>, Australia, and is known for its habit of spitting water in the faces of its captors. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature\" title=\"International Union for Conservation of Nature\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">International Union for Conservation of Nature<\/a> (IUCN) has assessed the tawny nurse shark as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vulnerable_species\" title=\"Vulnerable species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Vulnerable<\/a>, with subpopulations in several areas already diminished or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Local_extinction\" title=\"Local extinction\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">extirpated<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp\/toc\" \/>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Taxonomy_and_phylogeny\">Taxonomy and phylogeny<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nebrius_ferrugineus_Day.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Nebrius_ferrugineus_Day.jpg\/330px-Nebrius_ferrugineus_Day.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"110\" style=\"--mw-file-upright: 1.2\" class=\"mw-file-element mw-file-upright\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Early illustration of a tawny nurse shark from <i>Fauna of British India<\/i> (1889)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The tawny nurse shark was first described by French naturalist <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ren%C3%A9-Primev%C3%A8re_Lesson\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Ren\u00e9-Primev\u00e8re Lesson\" target=\"_new\">Ren\u00e9-Primev\u00e8re Lesson<\/a> as <i>Scyllium ferrugineum<\/i>, based on a 1.4&#160;m (4&#160;ft 7&#160;in) long specimen from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Guinea\" title=\"New Guinea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">New Guinea<\/a>. His short account was published in 1831 in <span title=\"French-language text\"><i lang=\"fr\">Voyage au tour du monde, sur la corvette La Coquille<\/i><\/span>. A more detailed description, along with an illustration, was published by German naturalist <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eduard_R%C3%BCppell\" title=\"Eduard R\u00fcppell\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Eduard R\u00fcppell<\/a> in 1837 as <i>Nebrius concolor<\/i>, based on a specimen from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Sea\" title=\"Red Sea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Red Sea<\/a>. Both names were retained, often in separate genera (<i>Ginglymostoma<\/i> and <i>Nebrius<\/i> respectively), until they were <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synonym_(taxonomy)\" title=\"Synonym (taxonomy)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">synonymized<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leonard_Compagno\" title=\"Leonard Compagno\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Leonard Compagno<\/a> in 1984. Compagno recognized that the tooth shape differences used to separate these species were the result of differences in age, with <i>N.&#160;concolor<\/i> representing younger individuals.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The genus name <i>Nebrius<\/i> is derived from the Greek word <i>nebris<\/i> or <i>nebridos<\/i>, meaning the skin of a fawn. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Specific_name_(zoology)\" title=\"Specific name (zoology)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">specific epithet<\/a> <i>ferrugineus<\/i> is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin\" title=\"Latin\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Latin<\/a> for \"rust-colored\".<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-bester&#95;3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bester-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Other <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_names\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Common names\" target=\"_new\">common names<\/a> for this species include giant sleepy shark, Madame X (a name coined by the shark fisherman Norman Caldwell in the 1930s for the then-unidentified Australian specimens),<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-grant&#95;4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-grant-4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> nurse shark, rusty catshark, rusty shark, sleepy shark, spitting shark, and tawny shark.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-fishbase&#95;5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-fishbase-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Based on <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morphology_(biology)\" title=\"Morphology (biology)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">morphological<\/a> similarities, <i>Nebrius<\/i> is believed to be the sister genus of <i>Ginglymostoma<\/i>, with both being placed in a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clade\" title=\"Clade\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">clade<\/a> that also contains the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Short-tail_nurse_shark\" title=\"Short-tail nurse shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">short-tail nurse shark<\/a> (<i>Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum<\/i>), the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whale_shark\" title=\"Whale shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">whale shark<\/a> (<i>Rhincodon typus<\/i>), and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zebra_shark\" title=\"Zebra shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">zebra shark<\/a> (<i>Stegostoma tigrinum<\/i>).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-goto&#95;6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-goto-6\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Distribution_and_habitat\">Distribution and habitat<\/h2><\/div>\n<p>The tawny nurse shark is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. In the Indian Ocean, it is found from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KwaZulu-Natal\" title=\"KwaZulu-Natal\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">KwaZulu-Natal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa\" title=\"South Africa\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">South Africa<\/a> northward to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Sea\" title=\"Red Sea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Red Sea<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_Gulf\" title=\"Persian Gulf\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Persian Gulf<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India\" title=\"India\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">India<\/a>, including <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madagascar\" title=\"Madagascar\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Madagascar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mauritius\" title=\"Mauritius\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Mauritius<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chagos_Archipelago\" title=\"Chagos Archipelago\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Chagos Archipelago<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seychelles\" title=\"Seychelles\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Seychelles<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives\" title=\"Maldives\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Maldives<\/a>. In the western Pacific, it occurs from southern <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan\" title=\"Japan\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Japan<\/a> and the coast of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\" title=\"China\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">China<\/a> to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippines\" title=\"Philippines\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Philippines<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southeast_Asia\" title=\"Southeast Asia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Southeast Asia<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia\" title=\"Indonesia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indonesia<\/a>, to as far south as the northern coast of Australia. In the central Pacific, it has been reported from off <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Caledonia\" title=\"New Caledonia\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">New Caledonia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samoa\" title=\"Samoa\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Samoa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palau\" title=\"Palau\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Palau<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marshall_Islands\" title=\"Marshall Islands\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Marshall Islands<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tahiti\" title=\"Tahiti\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Tahiti<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Fossil teeth belonging to this species have been found in the Pirabas Formation of northern <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazil\" title=\"Brazil\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Brazil<\/a>, dating back to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lower_Miocene\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Lower Miocene\" target=\"_new\">Lower Miocene<\/a> (23&#8211;16 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mya_(unit)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Mya (unit)\" target=\"_new\">Ma<\/a>). The presence of these fossils indicates that the range of the tawny nurse shark once extended to the tropical <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Ocean\" title=\"Atlantic Ocean\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Atlantic Ocean<\/a>, prior to the formation of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isthmus_of_Panama\" title=\"Isthmus of Panama\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Isthmus of Panama<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-dos&#95;reis&#95;7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-dos_reis-7\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>An inshore species, the tawny nurse shark inhabits <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Continental_shelf\" title=\"Continental shelf\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">continental<\/a> and insular shelves over sandy flats or beds of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seagrass\" title=\"Seagrass\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">seagrass<\/a>, as well as along the outer edges of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coral_reef\" title=\"Coral reef\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">coral<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reef\" title=\"Reef\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">rocky reefs<\/a>. This shark may be found from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surf_zone\" title=\"Surf zone\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">surf zone<\/a>, often in water barely deep enough to cover its body, to a maximum depth of 70&#160;m (230&#160;ft) on coral reefs; it is most common at a depth of 5\u201330&#160;m (16\u201398&#160;ft). Young sharks are generally found in the shallow areas of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagoon\" title=\"Lagoon\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">lagoons<\/a>, while adults may be encountered across a variety of habitats.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Description\">Description<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nebrius_ferrugineus_broome.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/54\/Nebrius_ferrugineus_broome.jpg\/250px-Nebrius_ferrugineus_broome.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The sickle-shaped pectoral fins of the tawny nurse shark are one of its characteristic traits.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The tawny nurse shark grows to a maximum length of 3.2&#160;m (10&#160;ft).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-fishbase&#95;5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-fishbase-5\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> It has a robust, cylindrical body with a broadly rounded and flattened head. The eyes are small and face laterally, with prominent ridges over them and smaller <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiracle_(vertebrates)\" title=\"Spiracle (vertebrates)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">spiracles<\/a> behind. There are a pair of long, slender <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbel_(anatomy)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Barbel (anatomy)\" target=\"_new\">barbels<\/a> in front of the nostrils. The mouth is small, with the lower lip divided into three lobes. There are 29&#8211;33 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 26&#8211;28 tooth rows in the lower jaw, arranged in an imbricate (overlapping) pattern with the outermost 2&#8211;4 functional rows separated from the rest by a narrow space. Each tooth resembles a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fan_(implement)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Fan (implement)\" target=\"_new\">fan<\/a>, with a broad base rising to a small, sharp central point flanked by 3 or more smaller cusps on both sides. As the shark ages, the teeth become relatively taller and thicker. The fourth and fifth pairs of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gill_slit\" title=\"Gill slit\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">gill slits<\/a> are placed much closer together than the others.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-bester&#95;3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bester-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The dorsal and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pelvic_fin\" title=\"Pelvic fin\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">pelvic fins<\/a> are angular, with the first dorsal fin larger than the second. The pectoral fins are narrow, pointed, and falcate (sickle-shaped); their shape separates this species from the similar-looking nurse shark. The origin of the first dorsal fin is about even with the origin of the pelvic fins, while the origin of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anal_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Anal fin\" target=\"_new\">anal fin<\/a> is even with or somewhat behind the origin of the second dorsal fin. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caudal_fin\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Caudal fin\" target=\"_new\">caudal fin<\/a> has a shallow upper lobe and barely present lower lobe, comprising about a quarter of the total length in adults. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dermal_denticle\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Dermal denticle\" target=\"_new\">dermal denticles<\/a> are diamond-shaped, bearing 4&#8211;5 faint ridges radiating from a blunt point. Tawny nurse sharks are yellowish, reddish, or grayish brown above and off-white below, and are capable of slowly changing their color to better blend with the environment. Young sharks have starkly white lower eyelids.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Many tawny nurse sharks found off the coasts of Japan, Taiwan, and the Ryukyu Islands lack a second dorsal fin. This physical abnormality has been speculated to result from pregnant females being exposed to water of unusually high <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salinity\" title=\"Salinity\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">salinity<\/a> and\/or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Temperature\" title=\"Temperature\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">temperature<\/a>, possibly from human activity. In 1986, a 2.9&#160;m (9&#160;ft 6&#160;in) long adult male with both a missing dorsal fin and partial <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albinism\" title=\"Albinism\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">albinism<\/a> (in the form of white body color with gray-brown eyes) was captured off <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wakayama_Prefecture\" title=\"Wakayama Prefecture\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wakayama Prefecture<\/a>, Japan. This anomalous individual is the largest albino shark known to date, having survived for a long time in the wild despite its lack of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crypsis\" title=\"Crypsis\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">camouflage<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-teshima&#95;et&#95;al&#95;9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-teshima_et_al-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Biology_and_ecology\">Biology and ecology<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nebrius_ferrugineus_sentosa3.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7a\/Nebrius_ferrugineus_sentosa3.jpg\/250px-Nebrius_ferrugineus_sentosa3.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Tawny nurse sharks often rest piled together during the day.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>With a more streamlined form than other nurse sharks, the tawny nurse shark is believed to be a less benthic, more active swimmer. The characteristics of its body, head, fins, and teeth are comparable to other active reef sharks sharing its range, such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicklefin_lemon_shark\" title=\"Sicklefin lemon shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">sicklefin lemon shark<\/a> (<i>Negaprion acutidens<\/i>). Tawny nurse sharks are primarily nocturnal, though they are said to be active at all hours off Madagascar, and in captivity they will become diurnally active if presented with food. During the day, groups of two dozen or more sharks can be found resting inside caves and under ledges, often stacked atop one another. Individual sharks have small home ranges that they consistently return to each day.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The tawny nurse shark has few natural predators; attacks on this species have been reported from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bull_shark\" title=\"Bull shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bull sharks<\/a> (<i>Carcharhinus leucas<\/i>) and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_hammerhead\" title=\"Great hammerhead\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">great hammerheads<\/a> (<i>Sphyrna mokarran<\/i>), while the related nurse shark has been known to fall prey to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiger_shark\" title=\"Tiger shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">tiger sharks<\/a> (<i>Galeocerdo cuvier<\/i>) and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_shark\" title=\"Lemon shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">lemon sharks<\/a> (<i>Negaprion brevirostris<\/i>).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-bester&#95;3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-bester-3\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Known <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parasitism\" title=\"Parasitism\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">parasites<\/a> of this species include five species of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tapeworm\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Tapeworm\" target=\"_new\">tapeworms<\/a> in the genus <i>Pedibothrium<\/i>, which infest the shark's <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiral_valve\" title=\"Spiral valve\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">spiral intestine<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Feeding\">Feeding<\/h3><\/div>\n<p>The tawny nurse shark may be one of the few fishes specializing in preying on octopus.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Other known food items include <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coral\" title=\"Coral\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">corals<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_urchin\" title=\"Sea urchin\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">sea urchins<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crustacean\" title=\"Crustacean\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">crustaceans<\/a> (e.g. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crab\" title=\"Crab\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">crabs<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lobster\" title=\"Lobster\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">lobsters<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Squid\" title=\"Squid\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">squid<\/a>, small fishes (e.g. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surgeonfish\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Surgeonfish\" target=\"_new\">surgeonfish<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carangidae\" title=\"Carangidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">queenfish<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siganidae\" title=\"Siganidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">rabbitfish<\/a>), and the occasional sea snake. Hunting tawny nurse sharks swim slowly just above the sea floor, poking their heads into depressions and holes. When a prey item is found, the shark forcefully expands its large, muscular <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pharynx\" title=\"Pharynx\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">pharynx<\/a>, creating a powerful negative pressure that sucks the prey into its mouth.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Life_history\">Life history<\/h3><\/div>\n<p>Mating in the tawny nurse shark is known to occur from July to August off Madagascar.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> Adult females have one functional <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ovary\" title=\"Ovary\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ovary<\/a> and two functional uteruses. The mode of reproduction is aplacental viviparity, meaning that the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embryo\" title=\"Embryo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">embryos<\/a> hatch inside the uterus; females in captivity have been documented depositing up to 52 non-viable egg capsules, which has led to erroneous reports of this shark being <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oviparous\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Oviparous\" target=\"_new\">oviparous<\/a>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Egg_case_(Chondrichthyes)\" title=\"Egg case (Chondrichthyes)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">egg capsules<\/a> of this species are onion-shaped, with thin, brown, translucent shells.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-teshima&#95;et&#95;al&#95;9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-teshima_et_al-9\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The tawny nurse shark is the only carpet shark in which there is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oophagy\" title=\"Oophagy\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">oophagy<\/a>: once the developing embryos exhaust their supply of yolk, they gorge on eggs produced by the mother and acquire the distended abdomen characteristic of such oophagous embryos. Unlike in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lamniformes\" title=\"Lamniformes\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">mackerel sharks<\/a>, the eggs consumed by the embryos are large and shelled rather than small and undeveloped. There is no evidence of sibling cannibalism as in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sand_tiger_shark\" title=\"Sand tiger shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">sand tiger shark<\/a> (<i>Carcharias taurus<\/i>).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Various authors have reported the length at birth anywhere from 40 to 80&#160;cm (16 to 31&#160;in), with the discrepancy possibly reflecting geographic variation. Although females release up to four <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fertilization\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Fertilization\" target=\"_new\">fertilized<\/a> eggs into each uterus, the very large size of the newborns suggest that the litter size may be as few as one or two. In one examined female that had two embryos sharing a single uterus, one embryo was much smaller and thinner than the other, implying that competition may eliminate the additional siblings. Males attain <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexual_maturity\" title=\"Sexual maturity\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">sexual maturity<\/a> at a length of 2.5&#160;m (8&#160;ft 2&#160;in), and females at a length of 2.3\u20132.9&#160;m (7&#160;ft 7&#160;in&#160;\u2013 9&#160;ft 6&#160;in).<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;status&#95;19&#95;November&#95;2021&#95;1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Human_interactions\">Human interactions<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nebrius_ferrugineus_townsville.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Nebrius_ferrugineus_townsville.jpg\/250px-Nebrius_ferrugineus_townsville.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" class=\"mw-file-element\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The tawny nurse shark is prized by recreational anglers off Queensland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Encounters with tawny nurse sharks underwater indicate a more docile demeanor than the similar nurse shark; usually divers are able to approach the sharks closely and even touch and play with them without incident. However, this species has been infrequently provoked into biting, and merits respect due to its strength, small but sharp teeth, and extremely powerful jaws. Tawny nurse sharks are favored attractions for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecotourism\" title=\"Ecotourism\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ecotourist divers<\/a> off <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thailand\" title=\"Thailand\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Thailand<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Islands\" title=\"Solomon Islands\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Solomon Islands<\/a>, and elsewhere. This species also adapts well to captivity and is displayed in public aquaria in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Europe\" title=\"Europe\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Europe<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States\" title=\"United States\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">United States<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okinawa_Prefecture\" title=\"Okinawa Prefecture\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Okinawa<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore\" title=\"Singapore\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Singapore<\/a>, where they may become tame enough to be hand-fed.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> An Australian woman was bitten while hand feeding them in 2018.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The tawny nurse shark is taken by commercial fisheries operating throughout its range, including off Pakistan, India, Thailand, and the Philippines; an exception is in Australian waters, where it is only taken in small numbers as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bycatch\" title=\"Bycatch\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bycatch<\/a>. This shark is caught using demersal <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trawl\" title=\"Trawl\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">trawls<\/a>, floating and fixed bottom <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gill_net\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Gill net\" target=\"_new\">gill nets<\/a>, and on hook-and-line.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;status&#95;19&#95;November&#95;2021&#95;1-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> The meat is sold fresh or dried and salted, the fins are used for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark_fin_soup\" title=\"Shark fin soup\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">shark fin soup<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Offal\" title=\"Offal\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">offal<\/a> processed into fishmeal. In addition, the liver is a source of oil and vitamins, and the thick, tough skin is made into leather products. Off Queensland, Australia, the tawny nurse shark is valued by big-game anglers. When hooked, large individuals are tenacious opponents and are difficult to subdue due to their habit of spinning. They are also capable of spitting a powerful jet of water into the faces of their captors, making grunting noises in between jets (making the tawny shark one of the few species of sharks to produce a noise);whether this is a deliberate defensive behavior is uncertain.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-compagno&#95;2-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature\" title=\"International Union for Conservation of Nature\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">International Union for Conservation of Nature<\/a> (IUCN) has assessed the tawny nurse shark as Vulnerable worldwide, as it faces heavy fishing pressure and its low reproductive and dispersal rates limit the ability of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Over-exploited\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Over-exploited\" target=\"_new\">over-exploited<\/a> populations to recover. Furthermore, this shark's inshore habitat renders it susceptible to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Habitat_degradation\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Habitat degradation\" target=\"_new\">habitat degradation<\/a>, destructive fishing practices (e.g. poisons and explosives, especially prevalent off Indonesia and the Philippines), and human harassment. Localized declines or extirpations of the tawny nurse shark have been documented off India and Thailand. Off Australia, this species has been assessed as of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Least_Concern\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Least Concern\" target=\"_new\">Least Concern<\/a>, as there it is not targeted by fisheries.<sup id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;ref-iucn&#95;status&#95;19&#95;November&#95;2021&#95;1-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\">]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-References\">References<\/h2><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\" style=\"column-width: calc( 0.9 * 30em );\"><ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-iucn&#95;status&#95;19&#95;November&#95;2021-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSimpfendorfer,&#95;C.Derrick,&#95;D.,&#95;D.Bin&#95;Ali,&#95;A.2021\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Simpfendorfer, C.; Derrick, D.; , D.; Bin Ali, A.; Fahmi, Vo, V.Q.; Tanay, D.; Seyha, L.; Haque, A.B.; Fernando, D.; Bineesh, K.K.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Yuneni, R.R.; Maung, A. (2021). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/41835\/173437098\" target=\"_new\">\"<i>Nebrius ferrugineus<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/a><\/i>. <b>2021<\/b> e.T41835A173437098. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T41835A173437098.en\" target=\"_new\">10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T41835A173437098.en<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">19 November<\/span> 2021<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&amp;rft.atitle=Nebrius+ferrugineus&amp;rft.volume=2021&amp;rft.artnum=e.T41835A173437098&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T41835A173437098.en&amp;rft.au=Simpfendorfer%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Derrick%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Bin+Ali%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Fahmi%2C+Vo%2C+V.Q.&amp;rft.au=Tanay%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Seyha%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=Haque%2C+A.B.&amp;rft.au=Fernando%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Bineesh%2C+K.K.&amp;rft.au=Utzurrum%2C+J.A.T.&amp;rft.au=Yuneni%2C+R.R.&amp;rft.au=Maung%2C+A.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F41835%2F173437098&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><span class=\"cs1-maint citation-comment\"><code class=\"cs1-code\">{{<a href=\"\/wiki\/Template:Cite_journal\" title=\"Template:Cite journal\">cite journal<\/a>}}<\/code>:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list\" title=\"Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">link<\/a>)<\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-compagno-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-5\"><sup><i><b>f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-6\"><sup><i><b>g<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-7\"><sup><i><b>h<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-8\"><sup><i><b>i<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-9\"><sup><i><b>j<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-10\"><sup><i><b>k<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-compagno_2-11\"><sup><i><b>l<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFCompagno,&#95;L.J.V.2002\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Compagno, L.J.V. (2002). <i>Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date<\/i>. Vol.&#160;2. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. pp.&#160;<span class=\"nowrap\">195\u2013<\/span>199. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>92-5-104543-7<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sharks+of+the+World%3A+An+Annotated+and+Illustrated+Catalogue+of+Shark+Species+Known+to+Date&amp;rft.place=Rome&amp;rft.pages=195-199&amp;rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=92-5-104543-7&amp;rft.au=Compagno%2C+L.J.V.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-bester-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-bester_3-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-bester_3-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-bester_3-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bester, C. <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.flmnh.ufl.edu\/fish\/Gallery\/Descript\/tawnynurse\/tawnynurse.html\" target=\"_new\">Biological Profiles: Tawny Nurse Shark<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120524153721\/http:\/\/www.flmnh.ufl.edu\/fish\/Gallery\/Descript\/tawnynurse\/tawnynurse.html\" target=\"_new\">Archived<\/a> 2012-05-24 at the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wayback Machine<\/a>. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. Retrieved on June 7, 2009.<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-grant-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-grant_4-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFGrant,&#95;E.M.1987\" class=\"citation book cs1\">Grant, E.M. (1987). <i>Fishes of Australia<\/i>. E.M. Grant. p.&#160;18. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a>&#160;<bdi>0-7316-0234-X<\/bdi>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Fishes+of+Australia&amp;rft.pages=18&amp;rft.pub=E.M.+Grant&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=0-7316-0234-X&amp;rft.au=Grant%2C+E.M.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-fishbase-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-fishbase_5-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-fishbase_5-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFroesePauly\" class=\"citation web cs1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rainer_Froese\" title=\"Rainer Froese\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Froese, Rainer<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Pauly\" title=\"Daniel Pauly\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pauly, Daniel<\/a> (eds.). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.org\/summary\/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Nebrius&speciesname=ferrugineus\" target=\"_new\">\"<i>Nebrius ferrugineus<\/i>\"<\/a>. <i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a><\/i>. June 2009 version.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FishBase&amp;rft.atitle=Nebrius+ferrugineus&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DNebrius%26speciesname%3Dferrugineus&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-goto-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-goto_6-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFGoto,&#95;T.2001\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Goto, T. (2001). \"Comparative Anatomy, Phylogeny and Cladistic Classification of the Order Orectolobiformes (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)\". <i>Memoirs of the Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University<\/i>. <b>48<\/b> (1): <span class=\"nowrap\">1\u2013<\/span>101.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Graduate+School+of+Fisheries+Science%2C+Hokkaido+University&amp;rft.atitle=Comparative+Anatomy%2C+Phylogeny+and+Cladistic+Classification+of+the+Order+Orectolobiformes+%28Chondrichthyes%2C+Elasmobranchii%29&amp;rft.volume=48&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=1-101&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.au=Goto%2C+T.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-dos&#95;reis-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-dos_reis_7-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFdos&#95;Reis,&#95;M.A.F.2005\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">dos Reis, M.A.F. (2005). <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11137%2F2005_2_31-58\" target=\"_new\">\"Chondrichthyan Fauna from the Pirabas Formation, Miocene of Northern Brazil, with Comments on Paleobiogeography\"<\/a>. <i>Anu\u00e1rio do Instituto de Geoci\u00eancias<\/i>. <b>28<\/b> (2): <span class=\"nowrap\">31\u2013<\/span>58. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11137%2F2005_2_31-58\" target=\"_new\">10.11137\/2005_2_31-58<\/a><\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Anu%C3%A1rio+do+Instituto+de+Geoci%C3%AAncias&amp;rft.atitle=Chondrichthyan+Fauna+from+the+Pirabas+Formation%2C+Miocene+of+Northern+Brazil%2C+with+Comments+on+Paleobiogeography&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=31-58&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11137%2F2005&#95;2&#95;31-58&amp;rft.au=dos+Reis%2C+M.A.F.&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11137%252F2005&#95;2&#95;31-58&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFTaniuchi,&#95;T.Yanagisawa,&#95;F.1987\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Taniuchi, T. &amp; Yanagisawa, F. (1987). \"Albinism and lack of second dorsal fin in an adult tawny nurse shark, <i>Nebrius concolor<\/i>, from Japan\". <i>Japanese Journal of Ichthyology<\/i>. <b>34<\/b> (3): <span class=\"nowrap\">393\u2013<\/span>395.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Japanese+Journal+of+Ichthyology&amp;rft.atitle=Albinism+and+lack+of+second+dorsal+fin+in+an+adult+tawny+nurse+shark%2C+Nebrius+concolor%2C+from+Japan&amp;rft.volume=34&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=393-395&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.au=Taniuchi%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Yanagisawa%2C+F.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-teshima&#95;et&#95;al-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^ <a href=\"#cite_ref-teshima_et_al_9-0\"><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-teshima_et_al_9-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFTeshima,&#95;K.Kamei,&#95;Y.Toda,&#95;M.Uchida,&#95;S.1995\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Teshima, K.; Kamei, Y.; Toda, M. &amp; Uchida, S. (December 1995). \"Reproductive Mode of the Tawny Nurse Shark Taken from the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, Japan with Comments on Individuals Lacking the Second Dorsal Fin\". <i>Bulletin of the Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute<\/i>. <b>73<\/b>: <span class=\"nowrap\">1\u2013<\/span>12.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Seikai+National+Fisheries+Research+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=Reproductive+Mode+of+the+Tawny+Nurse+Shark+Taken+from+the+Yaeyama+Islands%2C+Okinawa%2C+Japan+with+Comments+on+Individuals+Lacking+the+Second+Dorsal+Fin&amp;rft.volume=73&amp;rft.pages=1-12&amp;rft.date=1995-12&amp;rft.au=Teshima%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Kamei%2C+Y.&amp;rft.au=Toda%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Uchida%2C+S.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFCaira,&#95;J.N.Tracy,&#95;R.Euzet,&#95;L.2004\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Caira, J.N.; Tracy, R. &amp; Euzet, L. (2004). \"Five new species of <i>Pedibothrium<\/i> (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from the Tawny nurse shark, <i>Nebrius ferrugineus<\/i>, in the Pacific Ocean\". <i>The Journal of Parasitology<\/i>. <b>90<\/b> (2): <span class=\"nowrap\">286\u2013<\/span>300. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645%2Fge-3128\" target=\"_new\">10.1645\/ge-3128<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">PMID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15165051\" target=\"_new\">15165051<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">S2CID<\/a>&#160;<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:24554892\" target=\"_new\">24554892<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Parasitology&amp;rft.atitle=Five+new+species+of+Pedibothrium+%28Tetraphyllidea%3A+Onchobothriidae%29+from+the+Tawny+nurse+shark%2C+Nebrius+ferrugineus%2C+in+the+Pacific+Ocean&amp;rft.volume=90&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=286-300&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24554892%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Apmid%2F15165051&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1645%2Fge-3128&amp;rft.au=Caira%2C+J.N.&amp;rft.au=Tracy%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Euzet%2C+L.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSmale,&#95;M.J.1996\" class=\"citation journal cs1\">Smale, M.J. (August 29, 1996). \"Cephalopods as Prey. IV. Fishes\" in \"The Role of Cephalopods in the World's Oceans\". <i>Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences<\/i>. <b>351<\/b> (1343): <span class=\"nowrap\">1067\u2013<\/span>1081. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frstb.1996.0094\" target=\"_new\">10.1098\/rstb.1996.0094<\/a>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions%3A+Biological+Sciences&amp;rft.atitle=Cephalopods+as+Prey.+IV.+Fishes%22+in+%22The+Role+of+Cephalopods+in+the+World%27s+Oceans&amp;rft.volume=351&amp;rft.issue=1343&amp;rft.pages=1067-1081&amp;rft.date=1996-08-29&amp;rft&#95;id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.1996.0094&amp;rft.au=Smale%2C+M.J.&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-cite&#95;note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" \/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFCampbell\" class=\"citation web cs1\">Campbell, Kate. <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perthnow.com.au\/news\/sharks\/perth-woman-suffers-freak-shark-bite-on-finger-during-kimberley-boat-trip-ng-b88882522z\" target=\"_new\">\"Shark feeding in Kimberley ends with painful lesson after Perth woman bitten\"<\/a>. The West.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx&#95;ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft&#95;val&#95;fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Shark+feeding+in+Kimberley+ends+with+painful+lesson+after+Perth+woman+bitten&amp;rft.pub=The+West&amp;rft.aulast=Campbell&amp;rft.aufirst=Kate&amp;rft&#95;id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthnow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fsharks%2Fperth-woman-suffers-freak-shark-bite-on-finger-during-kimberley-boat-trip-ng-b88882522z&amp;rfr&#95;id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATawny+nurse+shark\" class=\"Z3988\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-External_links\">External links<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.org\/summary\/5895\" target=\"_new\"><i>Nebrius ferrugineus<\/i>, Tawny nurse shark<\/a> at <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fishbase.org\/search.php\" target=\"_new\">FishBase<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.flmnh.ufl.edu\/fish\/Gallery\/Descript\/tawnynurse\/tawnynurse.html\" target=\"_new\">Biological Profiles: Tawny Nurse Shark<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120524153721\/http:\/\/www.flmnh.ufl.edu\/fish\/Gallery\/Descript\/tawnynurse\/tawnynurse.html\" target=\"_new\">Archived<\/a> 2012-05-24 at the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wayback Machine<\/a> at <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.flmnh.ufl.edu\/fish\/\" target=\"_new\">Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Photos of <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sealifecollection.org\/taxon\/220030\" target=\"_new\">Tawny nurse shark<\/a> in the Sealife Collection<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/fishesofaustralia.net.au\/home\/species\/1974\" target=\"_new\"><i>Debris ferrugineus<\/i> @ fishesofaustralia.net.au<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" \/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" \/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488\" \/><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Extant&#95;carpet&#95;shark&#95;species7514\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064\" \/><div id=\"rdp-we-Extant&#95;carpet&#95;shark&#95;species7514\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\">Extant <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carpet_shark\" title=\"Carpet shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">carpet shark<\/a> species<\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"2\"><div>\n<ul><li>Kingdom <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal\" title=\"Animal\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Animalia<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Phylum <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chordate\" title=\"Chordate\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Chordata<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Subphylum <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vertebrate\" title=\"Vertebrate\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Vertebrata<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Class <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chondrichthyes\" title=\"Chondrichthyes\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Chondrichthyes<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Subclass <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elasmobranchii\" title=\"Elasmobranchii\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Elasmobranchii<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Subdivision <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shark\" title=\"Shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Selachii<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brachaeluridae\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Brachaeluridae\" target=\"_new\">Brachaeluridae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blind_shark\" title=\"Blind shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Brachaelurus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blind_shark\" title=\"Blind shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Blind shark (<i>B. waddi<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bluegrey_carpetshark\" title=\"Bluegrey carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Heteroscyllium<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bluegrey_carpetshark\" title=\"Bluegrey carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Bluegrey carpetshark (<i>H. colcloughi<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ginglymostomatidae\" title=\"Ginglymostomatidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Ginglymostomatidae<\/a> <br \/> <span class=\"nobold\">(Nurse sharks)<\/span><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nurse_shark\" title=\"Nurse shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Ginglymostoma<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nurse_shark\" title=\"Nurse shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Nurse shark (<i>G. cirratum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Nebrius<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">Tawny nurse shark (<i>N. ferrugineus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Short-tail_nurse_shark\" title=\"Short-tail nurse shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pseudoginglymostoma<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Short-tail_nurse_shark\" title=\"Short-tail nurse shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Short-tail nurse shark (<i>P. brevicaudatum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemiscylliidae\" title=\"Hemiscylliidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hemiscylliidae<\/a> <br \/> <span class=\"nobold\">(Longtail carpet sharks)<\/span><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chiloscyllium\" title=\"Chiloscyllium\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Chiloscyllium<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arabian_carpetshark\" title=\"Arabian carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Arabian carpetshark (<i>C. arabicum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burmese_bamboo_shark\" title=\"Burmese bamboo shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Burmese bamboo shark (<i>C. burmensis<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bluespotted_bamboo_shark\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Bluespotted bamboo shark\" target=\"_new\">Bluespotted bamboo shark (<i>C. caerulopunctatum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grey_bamboo_shark\" title=\"Grey bamboo shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Grey bamboo shark (<i>C. griseum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hasselt%27s_bamboo_shark\" title=\"Hasselt&#39;s bamboo shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hasselt's bamboo shark (<i>C. hasseltii<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slender_bamboo_shark\" title=\"Slender bamboo shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Slender bamboo shark (<i>C. indicum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whitespotted_bamboo_shark\" title=\"Whitespotted bamboo shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Whitespotted bamboo shark (<i>C. plagiosum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brownbanded_bamboo_shark\" title=\"Brownbanded bamboo shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Brownbanded bamboo shark (<i>C. punctatum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemiscyllium\" title=\"Hemiscyllium\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hemiscyllium<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_speckled_carpetshark\" title=\"Indonesian speckled carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indonesian speckled carpetshark (<i>H. freycineti<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemiscyllium_galei\" title=\"Hemiscyllium galei\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><i>H. galei<\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papuan_epaulette_shark\" title=\"Papuan epaulette shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Papuan epaulette shark (<i>H. hallstromi<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemiscyllium_henryi\" title=\"Hemiscyllium henryi\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><i>H. henryi<\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemiscyllium_michaeli\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Hemiscyllium michaeli\" target=\"_new\">H. michaeli<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epaulette_shark\" title=\"Epaulette shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Epaulette shark (<i>H. ocellatum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hooded_carpetshark\" title=\"Hooded carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Hooded carpetshark (<i>H. strahani<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Speckled_carpetshark\" title=\"Speckled carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Speckled carpetshark (<i>H. trispeculare<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wobbegongs\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Wobbegongs\" target=\"_new\">Orectolobidae<\/a> <br \/> <span class=\"nobold\">(Wobbegongs)<\/span><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eucrossorhinus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Eucrossorhinus\" target=\"_new\">Eucrossorhinus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tasselled_wobbegong\" title=\"Tasselled wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Tasselled wobbegong (<i>E. dasypogon<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orectolobus\" title=\"Orectolobus\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Orectolobus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Floral_banded_wobbegong\" title=\"Floral banded wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Floral banded wobbegong (<i>O. floridus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_wobbegong\" title=\"Gulf wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Gulf wobbegong (<i>O. halei<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orectolobus_hutchinsi\" title=\"Orectolobus hutchinsi\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Western wobbegong (<i>O. hutchinsi<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_wobbegong\" title=\"Japanese wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Japanese wobbegong (<i>O. japonicus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesian_wobbegong\" title=\"Indonesian wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Indonesian wobbegong (<i>O. leptolineatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spotted_wobbegong\" title=\"Spotted wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Spotted wobbegong (<i>O. maculatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ornate_wobbegong\" title=\"Ornate wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Ornate wobbegong (<i>O. ornatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwarf_spotted_wobbegong\" title=\"Dwarf spotted wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Dwarf spotted wobbegong (<i>O. parvimaculatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Network_wobbegong\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" title=\"Network wobbegong\" target=\"_new\">Network wobbegong (<i>O. reticulatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_wobbegong\" title=\"Northern wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Northern wobbegong (<i>O. wardi<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cobbler_wobbegong\" title=\"Cobbler wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sutorectus<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cobbler_wobbegong\" title=\"Cobbler wobbegong\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Cobbler wobbegong (<i>S. tentaculatus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parascylliidae\" title=\"Parascylliidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Parascylliidae<\/a> <br \/> <span class=\"nobold\">(Collared carpet sharks)<\/span><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cirrhoscyllium\" title=\"Cirrhoscyllium\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Cirrhoscyllium<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbelthroat_carpetshark\" title=\"Barbelthroat carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Barbelthroat carpetshark (<i>C. expolitum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan_saddled_carpetshark\" title=\"Taiwan saddled carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taiwan saddled carpetshark (<i>C. formosanum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saddle_carpetshark\" title=\"Saddle carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Saddle carpetshark (<i>C. japonicum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parascyllium\" title=\"Parascyllium\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Parascyllium<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Collared_carpetshark\" title=\"Collared carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Collared carpetshark (<i>P. collare<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elongate_carpet_shark\" title=\"Elongate carpet shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Elongate carpet shark (<i>P. elongatum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rusty_carpetshark\" title=\"Rusty carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Rusty carpetshark (<i>P. ferrugineum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ginger_carpetshark\" title=\"Ginger carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Ginger carpetshark (<i>P. sparsimaculatum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Necklace_carpetshark\" title=\"Necklace carpetshark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Necklace carpetshark (<i>P. variolatum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whale_shark\" title=\"Whale shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Rhincodontidae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"rdp-we-Rhincodon82\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whale_shark\" title=\"Whale shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Rhincodon<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whale_shark\" title=\"Whale shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Whale shark (<i>R. typus<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stegostoma\" title=\"Stegostoma\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Stegostomatidae<\/a><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\"><\/div><table class=\"nowraplinks navbox-subgroup\" style=\"border-spacing:0\"><tbody><tr><th id=\"rdp-we-Stegostoma75\" scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:11em\"><i><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stegostoma\" title=\"Stegostoma\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Stegostoma<\/a><\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zebra_shark\" title=\"Zebra shark\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Zebra shark (<i>S. fasciatum<\/i>)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064\" \/><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1353707246\" \/><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Taxon&#95;identifiers3179\" style=\"padding:3px\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"rdp-we-Taxon&#95;identifiers3179\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Taxon_identifiers\" title=\"Help:Taxon identifiers\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taxon identifiers<\/a><\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Nebrius ferrugineus<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q751258\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikidata:Q751258\" target=\"_new\">Q751258<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikispecies\" title=\"Wikispecies\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikispecies<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a href=\"https:\/\/species.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikispecies:Nebrius ferrugineus\" target=\"_new\">Nebrius ferrugineus<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_Diversity_Web\" title=\"Animal Diversity Web\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ADW<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/animaldiversity.org\/accounts\/Nebrius\/\" target=\"_new\">Nebrius<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Faunal_Directory\" title=\"Australian Faunal Directory\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">AFD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/biodiversity.org.au\/afd\/taxa\/Nebrius_ferrugineus\" target=\"_new\">Nebrius_ferrugineus<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System\" title=\"Barcode of Life Data System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">BOLD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bench.boldsystems.org\/index.php\/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=72401\" target=\"_new\">72401<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalogue_of_Life\" title=\"Catalogue of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/45ZFC\" target=\"_new\">45ZFC<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclopedia_of_Life\" title=\"Encyclopedia of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">EoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/eol.org\/pages\/46559679\" target=\"_new\">46559679<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FishBase\" title=\"FishBase\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">FishBase<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.ca\/summary\/5895\" target=\"_new\">5895<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/2417496\" target=\"_new\">2417496<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INaturalist\" title=\"INaturalist\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">iNaturalist<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/inaturalist.org\/taxa\/49962\" target=\"_new\">49962<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera\" title=\"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IRMNG<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10574669\" target=\"_new\">10574669<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System\" title=\"Integrated Taxonomic Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">ITIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itis.gov\/servlet\/SingleRpt\/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=159979\" target=\"_new\">159979<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/details\/41835\/0\" target=\"_new\">41835<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information\" title=\"National Center for Biotechnology Information\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">NCBI<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/Taxonomy\/Browser\/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=496405\" target=\"_new\">496405<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Observation.org\" title=\"Observation.org\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Observation.org<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/observation.org\/species\/792439\/\" target=\"_new\">792439<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System\" title=\"Ocean Biodiversity Information System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">OBIS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/obis.org\/taxon\/220030\" target=\"_new\">220030<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Tree_of_Life\" title=\"Open Tree of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Open Tree of Life<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/tree.opentreeoflife.org\/taxonomy\/browse?id=833437\" target=\"_new\">833437<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"zh:\u81fa\u7063\u7269\u7a2e\u540d\u9304\" target=\"_new\">TaiCOL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/taicol.tw\/taxon\/t0028253\" target=\"_new\">t0028253<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Register_of_Marine_Species\" title=\"World Register of Marine Species\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">WoRMS<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marinespecies.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=220030\" target=\"_new\">220030<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw\u2010web.codfw.main\u201068bfcb684d\u20109njrr\nCached time: 20260602111720\nCache expiry: 2592000\nCache expiry source: Module:Cite_IUCN (os.date(%Y))\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [vary\u2010revision\u2010sha1, 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dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"mw-page-title-main\">Tawny nurse shark<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icons\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-talk-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"talk-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-subject-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"subject-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-history-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"history-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-watchstar-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"watch-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star\"><\/span>\n\n<span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-edit-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"wikitext-edit-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon 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cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector\" id=\"rdp-we-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language\"><\/span>\n\n<span>29 languages<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive\" id=\"rdp-we-ca-addsection-sticky-header\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-event-name=\"addsection-sticky-header\"><span class=\"vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive\"><\/span>\n\n<span>Add topic<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-sticky-header-icon-end\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-user-links\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet\" id=\"rdp-we-p-dock-bottom\">\n\t<ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><!-- #rdp-we-main -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Genus<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Nebrius<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Species<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">ferrugineus<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1443,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[27],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-140","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-sharks-and-rays","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"shipping-taxable","11":"product-type-simple"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tawny nurse shark - Moalboal Reef Species<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A comprehensive online checklist of reef flora and fauna known to be present in the Moalboal 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